Supersonic impact resilience of nanoarchitected carbon

Extreme Dynamic Performance of Nanofiber Mats under Supersonic Impacts Mediated by Interfacial Hydrogen Bonds

“…Our ultrahigh-strain-rate (up to 10 8 s −1 ) experiments with deformations that occur at a time scale comparable to that of the hydrogen bond breaking and reformation also show the critical roles and limitations of these interactive mechanisms at high strain rates that will enable the design of high-performance composites for various engineering applications in extreme environments (Figure 5b). The specific energy absorption of our ANF−CNT mats is superior to that of other bulk materials such as steel, 53,54 aluminum, 55 carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, 56 Kevlar fabric, 57 and Kevlar/polyvinyl butyral composite 58 and some of the nanomaterials studied recently, such as graphene, 5 CNT fibers, 9 and carbon nanolattices, 12 because of their engineered nanostructure and interactive morphology with much lower density (Figure 6). Compared to ultrathin polymeric films with significant specific energy absorption, 6,10 the low density and high thermal stability make the ANF−CNT mats a promising candidate for developing structural materials at extreme service conditions.…”

“…The specific energy absorption of our ANF–CNT mats is superior to that of other bulk materials such as steel, , aluminum, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, Kevlar fabric, and Kevlar/polyvinyl butyral composite and some of the nanomaterials studied recently, such as graphene, CNT fibers, and carbon nanolattices, because of their engineered nanostructure and interactive morphology with much lower density (Figure ). Compared to ultrathin polymeric films with significant specific energy absorption, , the low density and high thermal stability make the ANF–CNT mats a promising candidate for developing structural materials at extreme service conditions.…”

“…Energy-absorbing materials with extreme dynamic performance under ballistic impacts are essential for various protective applicationsfrom armors for soldiers to mitigating microdebris impacts on air and spacecraft. − Superior dynamic performance achieved through lightweight protective materials is critical for agility and fuel efficiency of personal and armored vehicles, drones, hypersonic aircraft, and spacecraft. In this regard, synthetic high-performance fibrous materials, especially polyaramid fibers such as Kevlar (DuPont) and ultrahigh-modulus polyethylene, have been replacing heavy metal protective materials due to their outstanding mechanical properties at low density as well as their manufacturability into wearable textiles and composites. , Recent microballistic tests on nanomaterials have revealed their superior energy dissipation capabilities arising from the distinct deformation mechanisms they employ, suggesting the effective role that the nanoscale building blocks could play toward developing high-performance protective materials. − For instance, the specific penetration energy ( E p * ) of multilayer graphene ( E p * ∼ 1.26 MJ/kg (900 m/s impact)) is about 10 times higher than that of a macroscopic steel plate, originating from its superior in-plane sound speed, strength, and rapidly progressing membrane fracture . In contrast to such stiff materials, softer ultrathin semicrystalline and glassy polymer films show even higher specific penetration energy ( E p * ∼ 3.8 and ∼2.8 MJ/kg, respectively), due to their geometric confinement induced microstructural evolution.…”

Machine learning-based prediction and inverse design of 2D metamaterial structures with tunable deformation-dependent Poisson's ratio

“…7,[14][15][16][17] Nowadays, the additive manufacturing technology has been substantially initiated to promote the fabrication of nanomaterials, in pursuit of desirable mechanical properties. [18][19][20][21][22] Size reduction of unit cells in the metamaterial structure design at the molecular scale demonstrates a huge potential in tuning extraordinary mechanical features, such as negative Poisson's ratio.…”

Shock compression behavior of stainless steel 316L octet-truss lattice structures

“…Branch et al [26] conducted experiments on stainless steel 316L lattices (2x2x3 UC) using phase contrast imaging and demonstrated significant effects of experimental geometries on the shock response. On a smaller scale, Portela et al [27] investigated impact behavior of nano-scale brittle lattice structures which showed a compaction shock response with distinct regions of intact and densified material. Few shock experiments on metallic lattice structures on the engineering scale (millimeter UC) have been carried out.…”