Supersolar metal abundances in two galaxies at z ∼ 3.57 revealed by the GRB 090323 afterglow spectrum★

Savaglio, S.; Rau, A.; Greiner, J.; Krühler, T.; McBreen, S.; Hartmann, D. H.; Updike, A. C.; Filgas, R.; Klose, S.; Afonso, P.; Clemens, C.; Yoldaș, A. Küpcü; Sudilovsky, V.; Szokoly, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20074.x

Cited by 101 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…A good fraction of X-ray selected GRB hosts at 1 < z < 2 has observed R-band brightnesses (probing the rest frame UV) in a range between 24 mag and 22.5 mag (Malesani et al 2009) indicating dust un-corrected SFRs up to 10 M yr −1 . Already mild dust-attenuation in the host can easily increase this to values of 50 M yr −1 or even higher, illustrating that GRB hosts with SFRs significantly above 10 M yr −1 are not an exceptionally rare phenomenon at z > 1 (see also e.g., Fynbo et al 2005;Chen et al 2011;Krühler et al 2011;Savaglio et al 2012). …”

Section: The Host Of Grb 080605 Within the Sample Of Grb Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field galaxies are shown as gray dots (Savaglio et al 2005;Pérez-Montero et al 2009;Mannucci et al 2009;Hayashi et al 2009;Richard et al 2011), and in similar metallicity scales as the GRB measurements. Absorption metallicities from GRB afterglows (Rau et al 2010;D'Elia et al 2010;Savaglio et al 2012;Thöne et al 2012, and references therein) and QSOs (Prochaska et al 2003) are plotted as black and gray diamonds, respectively. Errorbars for individual events in the comparison samples are omitted to enhance clarity.…”

Section: The Host Of Grb 080605 Within the Sample Of Grb Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The metal-enriched host of an energeticγ-ray burst atz ≈ 1.6

Krühler¹,

Fynbo²,

Geier³

et al. 2012

A&A

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Context. The star-forming nature of long γ-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies provides invaluable constraints on the progenitors of GRBs and might open a short-cut to the characteristics of typical star-forming galaxies throughout the history of the Universe. Due to the absence of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, however, detailed investigations, specifically a determination of the gas-phase metallicity of gamma-ray burst hosts, was largely limited to redshifts z < 1 to date. Aims. We observed the galaxy hosting GRB 080605 at z = 1.64 using optical/NIR spectroscopy and high-resolution HST/WFC3 imaging in the rest-frame wavelength range between 1150 and 8700 Å. These data allow us to study a z > 1 GRB host in unprecedented detail and investigate the relation between GRB hosts and field galaxies. Methods. We availed of VLT/X-shooter optical/NIR spectroscopy to measure the metallicity, electron density, star-formation rate (SFR), and reddening of the host of GRB 080605. Specifically, we used different strong-line diagnostics to robustly measure the gas-phase metallicity within the interstellar medium (ISM) for the first time based on [N ii] at this redshift.Results. The host of the energetic (E γ,iso ∼ 2 × 10 53 erg) GRB 080605 at z ∼ 1.64 is a morphologically complex, vigorously starforming galaxy with an Hα-derived SFR of 31 +12 −6 M yr −1 . Its ISM is significantly enriched with metals. Specifically, [N ii]/Hα = 0.14 ± 0.02, which yields an oxygen abundance 12 + log(O/H) between 8.3 and 8.6 depending on the adopted strong-line calibrator. This corresponds to values in the range of 0.4−0.8 Z . For its measured stellar mass (M * = 8.0 +1.3 −1.6 × 10 9 M ) and SFR, this value is consistent with the fundamental metallicity relation defined by star-forming field galaxies. The absence of strong Lyα emission constrains the escape fraction of resonantly-scattered Lyα photons to f esc < ∼ 0.08. Conclusions. Our observations provide a detailed picture of the conditions in the ISM of a highly star-forming galaxy with irregular morphology at z ∼ 1.6. They include the first robust metallicity measurement based on [N ii] for a GRB host at z > 1 and directly illustrate that GRB hosts are not necessarily metal-poor, both on absolute scales as well as relative to their stellar mass and SFR. GRB hosts could thus be fair tracers of the population of ordinary star-forming galaxies at high redshift.

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Section: The Host Of Grb 080605 Within the Sample Of Grb Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Host Of Grb 080605 Within the Sample Of Grb Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metal-enriched host of an energeticγ-ray burst atz ≈ 1.6

Krühler¹,

Fynbo²,

Geier³

et al. 2012

A&A

Self Cite

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“…Absorption spectroscopy also finds evidence for high-redshift z 2 systems along the line of sight to LGRBs with metallicities exceeding the z 2 cosmic average (Prochaska et al 2007). Savaglio et al (2012) has inferred a supersolar abundance from z = 3.57 absorption features consistent with a pair galaxies in the GRB 090323 afterglow spectrum. GRB 130702A (Singer et al 2013) occurred, however, in a metalpoor faint satellite of a z = 0.145 massive galaxy (Kelly et al 2013), raising the possibilty of superpositions or associations for some…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Host Galaxies of Fast-Ejecta Core-Collapse Supernovae

Kelly

Filippenko

Modjaz

et al. 2014

ApJ

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Spectra of broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SN Ic-BL), the only kind of SN observed at the locations of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), exhibit wide features indicative of high ejecta velocities (∼ 0.1c). We study the host galaxies of a sample of 245 low-redshift (z < 0.2) core-collapse SN, including 17 SN Ic-BL, discovered by galaxy-untargeted searches, and 15 optically luminous and dust-obscured z < 1.2 LGRBs. We show that, in comparison with SDSS galaxies having similar stellar masses, the hosts of low-redshift SN Ic-BL and z < 1.2LGRBs have high stellar-mass and star-formation-rate densities. Core-collapse SN having typical ejecta velocities, in contrast, show no preference for such galaxies. Moreover, we find that the hosts of SN Ic-BL, unlike those of SN Ib/Ic and SN II, exhibit high gas velocity dispersions for their stellar masses. The patterns likely reflect variations among star-forming environments, and suggest that LGRBs can be used as probes of conditions in high-redshift galaxies. They may be caused by efficient formation of massive binary progenitors systems in densely star-forming regions, or, less probably, a higher fraction of stars created with the initial masses required for a SN Ic-BL or LGRB. Finally, we show that the preference of SN Ic-BL and LGRBs for galaxies with high stellar-mass and star-formation-rate densities cannot be attributed to a preference for low metal abundances but must reflect the influence of a separate environmental factor.

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“…The full sample of GRB afterglows, including those observed with lower spectral resolution (e.g., Fynbo et al 2009), however, is diverse and includes direct evidence for metal-rich gas (e.g., Watson et al 2006;Prochaska et al 2007b;Elíasdóttir et al 2009;Savaglio et al 2012). In addition significant dustdepletion factors (e.g., Savaglio & Fall 2004;Thöne et al 2013;Hartoog et al 2013), large amounts of reddening (e.g., Greiner et al 2011;Zafar et al 2012) and strong metal lines (e.g., Savaglio et al 2003;Christensen et al 2011;de Ugarte Postigo et al 2012) are regularly detected towards GRBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular hydrogen in the damped Lyman αsystem towards GRB 120815A atz= 2.36

Krühler

Ledoux

Fynbo

et al. 2013

A&A

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We present the discovery of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), including the presence of vibrationally-excited H * 2 in the optical spectrum of the afterglow of GRB 120815A at z = 2.36 obtained with X-shooter at the VLT. Simultaneous photometric broad-band data from GROND and X-ray observations by Swift/XRT place further constraints on the amount and nature of dust along the sightline. The galactic environment of GRB 120815A is characterized by a strong DLA with log(N(H )/cm −2 ) = 21.95 ± 0.10, prominent H 2 absorption in the Lyman-Werner bands (log(N(H 2 )/cm −2 ) = 20.54 ± 0.13) and thus a molecular gas fraction log f (H 2 ) = −1.14 ± 0.15. The distance d between the absorbing neutral gas and GRB 120815A is constrained via photo-excitation modeling of fine-structure and meta-stable transitions of Fe  and Ni  to d = 0.5 ± 0.1 kpc. The DLA metallicity ([Zn/H] = −1.15 ± 0.12), visual extinction (A V < ∼ 0.15 mag) and dust depletion ([Zn/Fe] = 1.01 ± 0.10) are intermediate between the values of well-studied, H 2 -deficient GRB-DLAs observed at high spectral resolution, and the approximately solar metallicity, highly-obscured and H 2 -rich GRB 080607 sightline. With respect to N(H ), metallicity, as well as dust-extinction and depletion, GRB 120815A is fairly representative of the average properties of GRB-DLAs. This demonstrates that molecular hydrogen is present in at least a fraction of the more typical GRBDLAs, and H 2 and H * 2 are probably more wide-spread among GRB-selected systems than the few examples of previous detections would suggest. Because H * 2 transitions are located redwards of the Lyman α absorption, H * 2 opens a second route for positive searches for molecular absorption also in GRB afterglows at lower redshifts and observed at lower spectral resolution. Further detections of molecular gas in GRB-DLAs would allow statistical studies, and, coupled with host follow-up and sub-mm spectroscopy, provide unprecedented insights into the process and conditions of star-formation at high redshift.

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Supersolar metal abundances in two galaxies at z ∼ 3.57 revealed by the GRB 090323 afterglow spectrum★

Cited by 101 publications

References 78 publications

The metal-enriched host of an energeticγ-ray burst atz ≈ 1.6

The metal-enriched host of an energeticγ-ray burst atz ≈ 1.6

The Host Galaxies of Fast-Ejecta Core-Collapse Supernovae

Molecular hydrogen in the damped Lyman αsystem towards GRB 120815A atz= 2.36

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