Superradiant Emission from a Collective Excitation in a Semiconductor

Laurent, T.; Todorov, Yanko; Vasanelli, Angela; Delteil, Aymeric; Sirtori, Carlo; Sagnes, I.; Beaudoin, G.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.187402

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In that case, we have two different temperatures at the same point but for different subsystems. Thermal emission by hot electrons has been observed in a variety of systems, such as tunneling tips [64,65], graphene [66,67], and quantum wells [68]. These issues are of particular importance for transient regimes with different relaxation times for different carriers.…”

Section: Emission By Nonisothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

et al. 2018

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The goal of this paper is to introduce a local form of Kirchhoff law to model light emission by nonequilibrium bodies. While absorption by a finite-size body is usually described using the absorption cross section, we introduce a local absorption rate per unit volume and also a local thermal emission rate per unit volume. Their equality is a local form of Kirchhoff law. We revisit the derivation of this equality and extend it to situations with subsystems in local thermodynamic equilibrium but not in equilibrium between them, such as hot electrons in a metal or electrons with different Fermi levels in the conduction band and in the valence band of a semiconductor. This form of Kirchhoff law can be used to model (i) thermal emission by nonisothermal finite-size bodies, (ii) thermal emission by bodies with carriers at different temperatures, and (iii) spontaneous emission by semiconductors under optical (photoluminescence) or electrical pumping (electroluminescence). Finally, we show that the reciprocity relation connecting light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells derived by Rau is a particular case of the local Kirchhoff law.

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Section: Emission By Nonisothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

et al. 2018

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“…It must also be noted that essentially the same concept, known as radiation damping (RD), was developed by Bloembergen and Pound [45] in the context of magnetic resonance, also in 1954, independently of Dicke's work on SR [14]. Subsequent studies have firmly established the equivalence of RD and SR in a variety of systems [15,22,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Introduction a Dicke Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 97%

Dicke superradiance in solids [Invited]

et al. 2016

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Recent advances in optical studies of condensed matter systems have led to the emergence of a variety of phenomena that have conventionally been studied in the realm of quantum optics. These studies have not only deepened our understanding of light-matter interactions but also introduced aspects of many-body correlations inherent in optical processes in condensed matter systems. This article is concerned with the phenomenon of superradiance (SR), a profound quantum optical process originally predicted by Dicke in 1954. The basic concept of SR applies to a general N -body system where constituent oscillating dipoles couple together through interaction with a common light field and accelerate the radiative decay of the whole system. Hence, the term SR ubiquitously appears in order to describe radiative coupling of an arbitrary number of oscillators in many situations in modern science of both classical and quantum description. In the most fascinating manifestation of SR, known as superfluorescence (SF), an incoherently prepared system of N inverted atoms spontaneously develops macroscopic coherence from vacuum fluctuations and produces a delayed pulse of coherent light whose peak intensity ∝ N 2 . Such SF pulses have been observed in atomic and molecular gases, and their intriguing quantum nature has been unambiguously demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the rapidly developing field of research on SR phenomena in solids, where not only photon-mediated coupling (as in atoms) but also strong Coulomb interactions and ultrafast scattering processes exist. We describe SR and SF in molecular centers in solids, molecular aggregates and crystals, quantum dots, and quantum wells. In particular, we will summarize a series of studies we have recently performed on semiconductor quantum wells in the presence of a strong magnetic field. In one type of experiment, electron-hole pairs were incoherently prepared, but a macroscopic polarization spontaneously emerged and cooperatively decayed, emitting an intense SF burst. In another type of experiment, we observed the SR decay of coherent cyclotron resonance of ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gases, leading to a decay rate that is proportional to the electron density. These results show that cooperative effects in solid-state systems are not merely small corrections that require exotic conditions to be observed; rather, they can dominate the nonequilibrium dynamics and light emission processes of the entire system of interacting electrons.

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“…In the weak coupling regime, the emitted power increases linearly with Γ(θ, ω 0 ) and thus with the electronic density 15 . When the critical coupling condition is met, the emissivity is maximum 17 .…”

Section: El Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This collective mode, known as multisubband plasmon, has a superradiant nature 15 : radiative lifetimes as short as 10 fs have been reported, thus much shorter than any non-radiative scattering process in the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong and ultrastrong coupling with free-space radiation

et al. 2016

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Strong and ultra-strong light-matter coupling are remarkable phenomena of quantum electrodynamics occurring when the interaction between a matter excitation and the electromagnetic field cannot be described by usual perturbation theory. This is generally achieved by coupling an excitation with large oscillator strength to the confined electromagnetic mode of an optical microcavity. In this work we demonstrate that strong/ultra-strong coupling can also take place in the absence of optical confinement. We have studied the non-perturbative spontaneous emission of collective excitations in a dense two-dimensional electron gas that supperradiantly decays into free space. By using a quantum model based on the input-output formalism, we have derived the linear optical properties of the coupled system and demonstrated that its eigenstates are mixed light-matter particles, like in any system displaying strong or ultra-strong light-matter interaction. Moreover, we have shown that in the ultra-strong coupling regime, i.e. when the radiative broadening is comparable to the matter excitation energy, the commonly used rotating-wave and Markov approximations yield unphysical results. Finally, the input-output formalism has allowed us to prove that Kirchhoff's law, describing thermal emission properties, applies to our system in all the light-matter coupling regimes considered in this work.

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Superradiant Emission from a Collective Excitation in a Semiconductor

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

Dicke superradiance in solids [Invited]

Strong and ultrastrong coupling with free-space radiation

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