Superradiant Decay of Cyclotron Resonance of Two-Dimensional Electron Gases

Zhang, Qi; Arikawa, Takashi; Kato, Eiji; Reno, John L.; Pan, W.; Watson, John; Manfra, Michael J.; Zudov, M. A.; Tokman, M. D.; Erukhimova, Maria; Belyanin, Alexey; Kono, Junichiro

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.047601

Cited by 103 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A value of g/ω 0 = 0.12 was obtained with just a single QW with a moderate n e . Finally, the previously identified superradiant decay of CR in highmobility 2DEGs [27] was significantly suppressed by the presence of the high-Q THz cavity. As a result, we observed ultranarrow polariton lines, yielding an intrinsic CR linewidth as small as 5.6 GHz (or a CR decay time of 57 ps) at 2 K.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…It has previously been shown that the decay of CR in free space is dominated by collective radiative decay, or superradiance, in ultrahigh-mobility 2DEGs, showing a decay rate that is proportional to n e [27]. This radiative decay mechanism is very strong and dominant at low temperatures, faster than any other phase breaking scattering processes; thus, CR lines are much broader than expected from the sample mobility.…”

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confidence: 90%

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Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

et al. 2016

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Nonperturbative coupling of light with condensed matter in an optical cavity is expected to reveal a host of coherent many-body phenomena and states [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In addition, strong coherent light-matter interaction in a solid-state environment is of great interest to emerging quantum-based technologies [8,9]. However, creating a system that combines a long electronic coherence time, a large dipole moment, and a high cavity quality (Q) factor has been a challenging goal [10][11][12][13]. Here, we report collective ultrastrong light-matter coupling in an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a high-Q terahertz photonic-crystal cavity in a quantizing magnetic field, demonstrating a cooperativity of ∼360. The splitting of cyclotron resonance (CR) into the lower and upper polariton branches exhibited a √ ne-dependence on the electron density (ne), a hallmark of collective vacuum Rabi splitting. Furthermore, a small but definite blue shift was observed for the polariton frequencies due to the normally negligible A 2 term in the light-matter interaction Hamiltonian. Finally, the high-Q cavity suppressed the superradiant decay of coherent CR, which resulted in an unprecedentedly narrow intrinsic CR linewidth of 5.6 GHz at 2 K. These results open up a variety of new possibilities to combine the traditional disciplines of many-body condensed matter physics and cavity-based quantum optics.PACS numbers: 78.67. De, 76.40.+b, 78.47.jh Strong resonant light-matter coupling in a cavity setting is an essential ingredient in fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) studies [14] as well as in cavity-QED-based quantum information processing [8,9]. In particular, a variety of solid-state cavity QED systems have recently been examined [15][16][17][18], not only for the purpose of developing scalable quantum technologies, but also for exploring novel many-body effects inherent to condensed matter. For example, collective √ N -fold enhancement of light-matter coupling in an N -body system [19], combined with colossal dipole moments available in solids, compared to traditional atomic systems, is promising for entering uncharted regimes of ultrastrong light-matter coupling. Nonintuitive quantum phenomena can occur in such regimes, including a "squeezed" vacuum state [1], the Dicke superradiant phase transition [2,3], the breakdown of the Purcell effect [4], and quantum vacuum radiation [5] induced by the dynamic Casimir effect [6,7].Specifically, in a cavity QED system, there are three rates that jointly characterize different light-matter coupling regimes: g, κ, and γ. The parameter g is the coupling constant, with 2g being the vacuum Rabi splitting between the two normal modes, the lower polariton (LP) and upper polariton (UP), of the coupled system. The parameter κ is the photon decay rate of the cavity; τ cav = κ −1 is the photon lifetime of the cavity, and the cavity Q = ω 0 τ cav at mode frequency ω 0 . The parameter γ is the nonresonant matter decay rate, which is usually the decoherence rate in ...

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Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

et al. 2016

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“…Our first THz magneto-optical measurements were performed on the 2DEG sample, for comparison to previous studies [20][21][22][23][24][25] With the applied field, B, perpendicular to the sample (in the z direction) and the incident THz polarization in the x-direction (see the supplementary material), the electrons undergo cyclotron motion around B, which is reflected in the Faraday rotation induced in the polarization of the transmitted THz pulse. This cyclotron motion (Faraday rotation) is an odd function of B, meaning that the direction of motion reverses when B is reversed.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is an attractive alternative for studying the properties of low-dimensional quantum nanostructures, as THz radiation (frequency range ~0.1-10 THz) has been shown to directly probe low energy excitations, such as phonons, excitons, and Cooper pairs [19]. More recently, THz-TDS has also been used to study the cyclotron frequency and the QHE in 2DEGs (composed of e.g., doped GaAs quantum wells [20][21][22][23][24][25] and graphene [26,27]), since the THz photon energy is on the order of in these systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no THz studies on 2DHG reported to date.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting THz radiation is centered at 0.8 THz, with a bandwidth of 1.3 THz. The sample was then placed in a split-coil superconducting magnet, allowing us to vary the magnetic field perpendicular to the sample surface (Faraday geometry) from 0 T to ± 6 T. This THz magneto-optical spectroscopy setup allows us to perform polarization-dependent THz-TDS experiments under a magnetic field [20][21][22][23][24][25] and measure the Faraday rotation of the transmitted THz pulse. All measurements were performed at 1.8 K (k B T~0.03 THz).…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz magneto-optical spectroscopy of a two-dimensional hole gas

Kamaraju

Pan

Ekenberg³

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We have used terahertz (THz) magneto-optical spectroscopy to investigate the cyclotron resonance in high mobility two-dimensional electron and hole systems. Our experiments reveal long-lived (~20 ps) coherent oscillations in the measured signal in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. The cyclotron frequency extracted from the oscillations varies linearly with magnetic field for a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), as expected. However, we find that the complex non-parabolic valence band structure in a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) causes the cyclotron frequency and effective mass to vary nonlinearly with the magnetic field, as verified by multiband Landau level calculations. This is the first time that THz magnetooptical spectroscopy has been used to study 2DHG, and we expect that these results will motivate further studies of these unique 2D nanosystems. PACS number(s): 78.67. De, 76.40.+b,

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Coupling Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes to Complementary THz Metasurfaces Tuned by Inter Meta‐Atom Distance

Keller

Maissen

Haase

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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The authors study the interaction of complementary terahertz (THz) split ring resonators with THz surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) as a function of the meta-atom distance. The THz transmission properties of 15 samples for which the array dimensions are varied keeping the resonator shape constant are investigated. The linewidth of the inductive-capacitive (LC-)resonance is decreasing with increasing meta-atom distance, up to the frequency matching with the first SPP-mode. The SPP-mode couples to the narrow LC-resonance leading to an anti-crossing of the modes. In contrast, the narrow SPP-mode tunes across the broader dipole-like mode in orthogonal polarization. The excitation direction of the SPP-mode is found to lie along the electric field polarization of the THz. www.advopticalmat.de Figure 5. a) Normalized transmission spectra as a function of the lattice constant with a x = a y for the broad dipole-mode excited in x-direction. The calculated SPP-modes that cross the broad dipole-mode are traced in blue solid lines after Equation (2). Black sections denote not sampled lattice constants. The normalized transmission of the dipole-mode as function of the frequency is shown for square lattices in b) for a x = a y = 70 µm and c) for a x = a y = 85 µm. Transmission spectra of rectangular lattices are shown for d) a x = 70 µm and a y = 85 µm and for e) a x = 85 µm and a y = 70 µm.

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Superradiant Decay of Cyclotron Resonance of Two-Dimensional Electron Gases

Cited by 103 publications

References 32 publications

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

Terahertz magneto-optical spectroscopy of a two-dimensional hole gas

Coupling Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes to Complementary THz Metasurfaces Tuned by Inter Meta‐Atom Distance

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