Superradiance

Brito, Richard; Cardoso, Vítor; Pani, Paolo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46622-0

Cited by 93 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 596 publications

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“…Aside from these constraints, the observation of stellarmass BHs in X-ray binaries spinning above the superradiant threshold already disfavors the existence of ultralight vector fields in the range ∼ [10 −14 , 10 −11 ]eV [54,55,61,107], which overlaps with the range of masses we are able to probe with the SGWB. However, we should note that such constraints should be interpreted with caution, since BH spin measurements from X-ray binaries are often susceptible to large systematic uncertainties (see e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…where m is the azimuthal index of the boson field, and Ω H is the BH's horizon angular velocity (see Ref. [61] for a review). As the system becomes unstable, the boson modes start growing exponentially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, for a given boson rest mass, only for a relatively narrow window of BH masses will the superradiant instability timescale be sufficiently short in an astrophysical context (see e.g. Ref [61]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this point we choose to adopt mostly uninformative priors for θ A , since this is the most conservative choice. However, in principle, we could also choose a prior that encodes prior knowledge on the boson mass obtained from independent experiments, such as constraints from BH spin measurements in X-ray binaries[54,55,61,107]. This will be revisited in future work.…”

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confidence: 99%

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First search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons

et al. 2019

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Ultralight bosons with masses in the range 10 −13 eV ≤ m b ≤ 10 −12 eV can induce a superradiant instability around spinning black holes (BHs) with masses of order 10-100 M⊙. This instability leads to the formation of a rotating "bosonic cloud" around the BH, which can emit gravitational waves (GWs) in the frequency band probed by ground-based detectors. The superposition of GWs from all such systems can generate a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). In this work, we develop a Bayesian data analysis framework to study the SGWB from bosonic clouds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, building on previous work by Brito et.al. [1]. We further improve this model by adding a BH population of binary merger remnants. To assess the performance of our pipeline, we quantify the range of boson masses that can be constrained by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo measurements at design sensitivity. Furthermore, we explore our capability to distinguish an ultralight boson SGWB from a stochastic signal due to distant compact binary coalescences (CBC). Finally, we present results of a search for the SGWB from bosonic clouds using data from Advanced LIGO's first observing run. We find no evidence of such a signal. Due to degeneracies between the boson mass and unknown astrophysical quantities such as the distribution of isolated BH spins, our analysis cannot robustly exclude the presence of a bosonic field at any mass. Nevertheless, we show that under optimistic assumptions about the BH formation rate and spin distribution, boson masses in the range 2.0 × 10 −13 eV ≤ m b ≤ 3.8 × 10 −13 eV are excluded at 95% credibility, although with less optimistic spin distributions, no masses can be excluded. The framework established here can be used to learn about the nature of fundamental bosonic fields with future gravitational wave observations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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First search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons

et al. 2019

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“…We consider annihilation signals only from the fastest-growing bound state and limit our analysis to isolated black holes without external effects such as accretion or binary companions. We summarize the necessary background below and provide further details in the Appendix A; see, e.g., [4,12] for more details and [30] for a review.…”

Section: Signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the continuous gravitational-wave signal from boson clouds around Galactic isolated black holes

Zhu

Baryakhtar²,

Papa

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. D

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Ultralight bosons can form large clouds around stellar-mass black holes via the superradiance instability. Through processes such as annihilation, these bosons can source continuous gravitationalwave signals with frequencies within the range of LIGO and Virgo. If boson annihilation occurs, then the Galactic black hole population will give rise to many gravitational signals; we refer to this as the ensemble signal. We characterize the ensemble signal as observed by the gravitational-wave detectors; this is important because the ensemble signal carries the primary signature that a continuous wave signal has a boson annihilation origin. We explore how a broad set of black hole population parameters affects the resulting spin-0 boson annihilation signal and consider its detectability by recent searches for continuous gravitational waves. A population of 10 8 black holes with masses up to 30M ⊙ and a flat dimensionless initial spin distribution between zero and unity produces up to 1000 signals loud enough in principle to be detected by these searches. For a more moderately spinning population, the number of signals drops by about an order of magnitude, still yielding up to 100 detectable signals for some boson masses. A nondetection of annihilation signals at frequencies between 100 and 1200 Hz disfavors the existence of scalar bosons with rest energies between 2 × 10 −13 and 2.5 × 10 −12 eV. Finally, we show that, depending on the black hole population parameters, care must be taken in assuming that the continuous wave upper limits from searches for isolated signals are still valid for signals that are part of a dense ensemble: Between 200 and 300 Hz, we urge caution when interpreting a null result for bosons between 4 × 10 −13 and 6 × 10 −13 eV.

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Standard Model of Cosmology

Gouttenoire

2022

Beyond the Standard Model Cocktail

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Superradiance

Cited by 93 publications

References 596 publications

First search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons

First search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons

Characterizing the continuous gravitational-wave signal from boson clouds around Galactic isolated black holes

Standard Model of Cosmology

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