Superplastic behavior of PbSn eutectic alloy

Lam, S.T.; Arieli, A.; Mukherjee, Amiya K.

doi:10.1016/0025-5416(79)90009-0

Cited by 57 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Note that the bulk of their data fall into region II. A comparison of their data to the creep data of Lam et al 37 and that of Schneibel and Hazzeldine 52 shows very good agreement over region II. However, the data of Geckinli and Barret 43 show a very sharp decrease in strain rate below a stress a bit above 1 MPa, where other workers found the onset of region I.…”

Section: And Murty and That Between Regions I And Ii By Arrowood Andsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The data we have compared are of three types: (1) creep data taken by applying a given load in tension or shear and measuring the steady-state creep rate as a function of applied stress and temperature, (2) ultimate strength data taken by straining at a given rate in tension or shear under creep conditions (in which case the ultimate or maximum stress ordinarily corresponds to the steady-state creep rate), 28,36,37,49 and (3) stress relaxation data taken as described above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,10,27,30,34,39,40,[46][47][48] Moreover, the strain rate is a square or cube function of the inverse grain size (p ϭ 2-3), and the activation energy is approximately that for grain boundary diffusion (Q ϳ 45-55 kJ/mole), as expected for deformation that is dominated by GBS. [33][34][35][36][37][38]43,46,49,50 Region I behavior is observed at low stress, ordinarily 1 MPa or less. At some sufficiently low stress one would expect to find deformation dominated by diffusional creep processes, 22,32 as noted, for example, in the limited area of diffusional creep in Ashby's deformation-mechanism map for pure lead.…”

Section: Creep Of Eutectic Sn-pbmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The stress exponent is n ϭ 4-7, which is similar to that of pure Pb or Sn. [33][34][35][36][37][38] The region II behavior that is observed in finegrained material is often called "superplastic" since samples that exhibit this behavior can usually be strained well over 100% in tension without necking. 27,[39][40][41] Extensive research has been done on the mechanisms that produce superplasticity in finegrained Sn-Pb.…”

Section: Creep Of Eutectic Sn-pbmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The correlation between stress relaxation and steady-state creep of eutectic Sn-Pb

Bang

Jung

et al. 2005

Journal of Elec Materi

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This paper surveys and compares creep and stress relaxation data on finegrained eutectic Sn-Pb. It examines the consistency of the available data on this extensively studied solder material and studies whether stress relaxation offers a reasonable alternative to the more laborious conventional creep tests. The data survey reveals systematic differences between the creep behavior of material that is grain-refined by cold work and recrystallization ("recrystallized") and that refined by rapid solidification ("quenched"). The recrystallized material has the conventional three regimes of creep behavior: a high-stress region with a stress exponent, n ϳ 4-7 and an activation energy Q ϳ 80 kJ/ mole (a bit below that for self-diffusion of Pb and Sn), an intermediate region with n ϳ 2 and Q ϳ 45 kJ/mole (near that for grain boundary diffusion), and a low-stress region with n ϳ 3 and Q ϳ 80 (suggesting a reversion to a bulk mechanism). The quenched material shows only two regions: a high-stress creep with a stress exponent, n ϳ 3-7, and a low-stress region with n ϳ 3. The mechanisms in both regimes have activation energies intermediate between bulk and interface values (50-70 kJ/mole). With minor exceptions, the stress relaxation data and the creep data are in reasonable agreement. Most of the exceptions seem to be related to the difficulty of capturing the full details of grain boundary creep in stress relaxation tests.

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Section: And Murty and That Between Regions I And Ii By Arrowood Andsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Creep Of Eutectic Sn-pbmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Creep Of Eutectic Sn-pbmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The correlation between stress relaxation and steady-state creep of eutectic Sn-Pb

Bang

Jung

et al. 2005

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…This superplasticity was attributed to the stable, equiaxed microstructure that results from recrystallization at room temperature. Others [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have explored the dependence of superplasticity in cold-worked Sn-Pb alloys on variables, such as testing temperature, grain size, stress, and strain rate. In contrast to the extensive studies on the cold-worked and recrystallized Sn-Pb alloys, little attention has been paid to the alloys in the as-cast condition, beyond the repeated observation that as-cast alloys are not superplastic 3,4,6,19. But the recent works by Solomon 20, and by Seyyedi, Arsenault, and Keller 21 have shown that as-solidified solder joints exhibit some superplastic characteristics: the stress exponent, n, in the relation, ' Y = A cr 0 , is between 2 and 3 in a certain strain rate range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%