Superparamagnetic iron oxide: clinical application as a contrast agent for MR imaging of the liver.

Stark, David D.; Weissleder, Ralph; Elizondo, Guillermo; Hahn, Peter F.; Saini, Sanjay; Todd, Luis E.; Wittenberg, J; Ferrucci, Joseph T.

doi:10.1148/radiology.168.2.3393649

Cited by 484 publications

(252 citation statements)

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“…Th is targeting method relies on the rapid uptake of IONPs by macrophages. Th e fi rst commercial contrast agents (Feridex IV) exploited this targeting method to image the presence of infected tissue in the liver [58]. Th e rapid uptake of IONPs by Kupff er cells in the liver allows differentiation of healthy tissues from tumor cells using MRI.…”

Section: Functionalization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design and utility of polymer-stabilized iron-oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine applications

et al. 2010

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Iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) represent a significant class of inorganic nanomaterial that is contributing to the current revolution in nanomedicine [1][2]. Their unique physical properties, including high surface area to volume ratios and superparamagnetism, confer useful attributes for medical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering and bioseparation [3].Two distinct classes of superparamagnetic IONP-based materials are currently used for medical applications: superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles with a mean particle diameter of 50-100 nm, and ultra-small superparamagnetic iron-oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles with a size below 50 nm. Th ese two classes of IONPs have been studied widely for medical applications, particularly as the next (potential) generation of MRI contrast agents. Th ey are also seen as potential vectors for drug and gene delivery. Th e biodistribution of these nanoparticles can be altered by the application of an external magnetic fi eld; they also have potential applications in hyperthermia therapy as some magnetic particles can heat up under the infl uence of a localized high-frequency magnetic fi eld.Th e intent of this review is to present recent advances in the synthesis of IONPs and their subsequent stabilization in biological fluids using polymers, focusing on the current strategies used to graft polymers onto IONPs surfaces (see Figure 1) and the diff erent types of polymers used. Th e additional properties conferred by the polymers, such as targeting, eff ects on biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, are also discussed, and the main applications of IONPs are reviewed. Synthesis and properties of iron-oxide nanoparticlesSPIO and USPIO nanoparticles are the most extensively studied magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications as they are both biocompatible and easy to synthesize. Both are composed of ferrite nanocrystallites of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) or maghemite (Fe 2 O 3 , γ). Over the last ten years, there has been an explosion of interest in these materials and this has been reflected in a large number of recent publications describing the synthesis and modifi cation of hybrid IONPs. In this review, we focus on the polymer modifi cation of the nanoparticles, and provide only minimal information on the inorganic synthesis of IONPs. For more detailed information on IONP synthesis, readers are referred to other reviews [3,4]. The design and utility of polymer-stabilized iron-oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine applicationsCyrille Boyer 1 * , Michael R. Whittaker 1 , Volga Bulmus 2 , Jingquan Liu 1 and Thomas P. Davis 1 * University of New South Wales, AustraliaOver the past decade, the synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, especially iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), has been researched intensively for many high-technology applications, including enhanced storage media, biosensing and medical applications. In medicine, IONPs are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and in hyperthermia...

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Section: Functionalization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design and utility of polymer-stabilized iron-oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine applications

et al. 2010

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“…All the applications require that the SPIONs have high magnetization values and a size smaller than 100nm, with a narrow distribution among the sizes, in order to present uniform physical and chemical properties (6) . The nature of the surface covering of SPIONs helps in the determination of the total size of the colloid, and also plays a significant role in the biokinetics and biodistribution of SPIONs in vivo (1,2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran and complexed with Poly-L-lysine

Sibov

Miyaki

Mamani

et al. 2012

Einstein (São Paulo)

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the labeling of umbilical cord vein derived mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran and complexed to a non-viral transfector agent transfector poly-L-lysine. METHODS: The labeling of mesenchymal stem cells was performed using the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran complexed and not complexed to poly-L-lysine. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran was incubated with poly-L-lysine in an ultrasonic sonicator at 37°C for 10 minutes for complex formation superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine by electrostatic interaction. Then, the mesenchymal stem cells were incubated overnight with the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran. After the incubation period the mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated by internalization of the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran by Prussian Blue stain. Cellular viability of labeled mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by cellular proliferation assay using 5,6-carboxy-fluorescein-succinimidyl ester method and apoptosis detection by Annexin V- Propidium Iodide assay. RESULTS: mesenchymal stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran without poly-L-lysine not internalized efficiently the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles due to its low presence detected within cells. Mesenchymal stem cells labeled with the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine efficiently internalized the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles due to greater presence in the cells interior. The viability and apoptosis assays demonstrated that the mesenchymal stem cells labeled and not labeled respectively with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine continue to proliferate over seven days and the percentage of cells in early or late apoptosis is low compared to the percentage of live cells over the three days. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the use of poly-L-lysine complexed with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran provides better internalization of these superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in mesenchymal stem cells Thus, we demonstrated that this type of labeling is not cytotoxic to the mesenchymal stem cells, since the viability and apoptosis assays showed that the cells remain alive and proliferating. The efficiency of this type of labeling in mesenchymal stem cells can provide non-invasive methods for monitoring these cells in vivo.

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“…Ayrıca kontrastsız MR görüntüle-me ya da kontrastlı BT incelemede saptanamayan milimetrik boyutlardaki lezyonların SPFeO sonrası MR görüntüleme ile tespit edilebildiğini iddia eden yayınlar mevcuttur. (9).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Hemanjiomlarda yapılan çalışmalarda ise; Kupffer hücresi içerme-melerine rağmen SPFeO'nun hem dolaşımda olduğu hem de karaciğerde biriktiği fazlarda SPFeO tutabildiği gösterilmiştir (1, 2-5). Metastazlar ve kötü diferansiye HCC'lerde Kuppfer hücresi ve dolayısıyla fagosite SPFeO partikülleri bulunmadığından dolayı MRG'de Sİ'nin değişmesi beklenmez, ancak C/N oranının artmasıyla küçük metastazlar saptanabilir ve diagnostik doğruluk arttırılabilir (3,9,16).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging In The Detection Of Malignant Liver Lesions

Çağlı¹,

Temízöz²,

Gençhellaç³

et al. 2010

TUTFD

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ÖZETAmaç: Manyetik Rezonans (MR) görüntülemede kontrast madde olarak kullanılan süperparamanyetik demir oksit (SPFeO) preparatının malign karaciğer kitlelerinin tanısındaki yerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Değişik tipte karaciğer kitleleri bulunan 20 olguya 1 Tesla cihaz ile MR inceleme yapıldı. Olgulara pre-ve post-kontrast T1-ağırlıklı FLASH (Fast Low Angle Shot) ve çift eko TSE (Turbo Spin Echo) T2-ağırlıklı sekanslar uygulandı. Lezyonlardan yapılan sinyal intensite öl-çümlerine göre "Tanımlayıcı istatistikler" yapıldı.Bulgular: Onbir olguda metastaz, 4 olguda hemanjiom, 4 olguda HCC (Hepatosellüler Karsinom) ve 1 olguda ise birer adet hemanjiom ve metastaz bulundu. Sadece hemanjiom saptanan olgularda tüm sekanslarda S/N oranlarında anlamlı değişim (p=0.043) saptanırken, çift eko TSE T2A sekansda sadece uzun TE'de Sİ değişimi (p=0.043) anlamlı bulundu. Metastaz ve HCC olgularında çift eko TSE T2A sekansda kısa TE'de diğer sekanslara oranla C/N oranlarında belirgin yüzde artış saptanırken, hemanjiom olgularında ise kontrast sonrasında özellikle çift eko TSE T2A sekansda uzun TE'de C/N oranlarında azalma belirlendi.Sonuç: Karaciğerde gerek lezyon tespiti ve sayısının belirlenmesi, gerekse benign (özellikle hemanjiom), primer ya da metastatik malignite ayrımında SPFeO ile MR görüntüleme diğer sekanslara ek bulgular sağlayan noninvaziv bir radyolojik metod olarak kullanılabilir. Materials and Methods:Twenty patients with various hepatic masses or metastases were investigated with 1 tesla MR. T1-weighted FLASH and double-echo TSE T2-weighted sequences were applied before and after contrast injection. "Defining statistics" were prepared according to pre and postcontrast signal intensity measurements.Results: In this study there were 11 patients with metastases, 4 patients with hemangioma, 4 patients with HCC and one patient with a hemangioma and a metastasis at the same time. In cases wheret we found only hemangiomas, in all sequences, S/N ratios (p=0.043) and T2-weighted double-echo TSE with long TE SI change (p=0.043) were significant. While in the hemangiomas in T2-weighted double-echo TSE with long TE there is an decrease in the C/N ratios; in cases with metastasis and HCC, compared to other sequences significant increase in C/N ratio in T2-weighted double-echo TSE with short TE sequences was detected.Conclusion: SPIO-enhanced MR imaging can be used as a non-invasive radiologic technique for the detection focal liver lesions, to determine the number of lesions and also has a value in differentiating the benign lesions (especially hemangiomas) from primary tumors or metastatic malignant lesions.Key Words: Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), Contrast-Noise Ratio, MR imaging, T1-weighted FLASH and T2-weighted double-echo TSE sequences : 15.02.2010: 15.02. Accepted: 31.05.2010 Giriş Karaciğer görüntülemesinde manyetik rezonans (MR) inceleme artık önemli bir radyolojik modalite olarak yerini almıştır. Özellikle bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ve ultrasonografi (US) gibi diğer modalitelerin yetersiz kaldığı o...

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide: clinical application as a contrast agent for MR imaging of the liver.

Cited by 484 publications

References 0 publications

The design and utility of polymer-stabilized iron-oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine applications

The design and utility of polymer-stabilized iron-oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine applications

Evaluation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran and complexed with Poly-L-lysine

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging In The Detection Of Malignant Liver Lesions

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