Superoxide Dismutase1 Levels in North Indian Population with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

Aim. The aim of the study was to estimate the levels of superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) in patients of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and examine the role of oxidative stress, smoking, hypertension, and other factors involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. Methods. 115 AMD patients and 61 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum SOD1 levels were determined by ELISA and were correlated to various risk factors. Logistic regression model of authenticity, by considering SOD1 as independent variable, has been developed along with ROC curve. Results. The SOD1 levels were significantly higher in AMD patients as compared to those of the controls. The difference was not significant for wet and dry AMD. However, the difference was significant between wet AMD subtypes. Nonsignificance of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit statistic (χ 2 = 10.516, df = 8, P = 0.231) indicates the appropriateness of logistic regression model to predict AMD. Conclusion. Oxidative stress in AMD patients may mount compensatory response resulting in increased levels of SOD1 in AMD patients. To predict the risk of AMD on the basis of SOD1, a logistic regression model shows authenticity of 78%, and area under the ROC curve (0.827, P = .0001) with less standard error of 0.033 coupled with 95% confidence interval of 0.762–0.891 further validates the model.

Association of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Erythrocyte Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Serum Total Antioxidant Status

“…The antioxidant defense operates as a balanced and coordinated system (SOD and GPx and SOD and CAT). Previous clinical studies on the impact of antioxidant enzymes on AMD, differently conceived from our study, provide contradictory data, because they did not examine interaction of enzyme activities in association with AMD, as we did [ 8 , 33 , 34 ]. Some of them measured serum or erythrocytes level (not activity) of antioxidant enzymes [ 8 , 34 ] and others measured only particular antioxidant enzymes (not all three) with [ 35 , 40 ] or without TAS levels [ 33 , 34 , 37 ].…”

CCL2 single nucleotide polymorphism of rs1024611 implicates prominence of inflammatory cascade by univariate modeling in Indian AMD

“…In all these studies, the CCL2 expression was found to be elevated suggesting that AMD pathological phenomenon are induced with inflammatory responses created by various cellular and protein responses. Additionally, we have recently demonstrated the elevated SOD1 levels in AMD as compared to controls, which also show the inflammatory response characterizing AMD [ 22 ].…”

Age-related macular degeneration phenotypes are associated with increased tumor necrosis-alpha and subretinal immune cells in aged Cxcr5 knockout mice

“…The known environmental factors include cigarette smoking, light history, aging, diet, and race [ 6 ]. The identified susceptible genes include CFH [ 7 – 9 ], ABCA4 [ 10 ], ApoE [ 11 ], SOD1 [ 12 ] and Cx3cr1 [ 13 ] (see reviews for more details [ 14 – 17 ]). The interactions of environmental risk factors and susceptible gene variants can create state of oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or hypoxia [ 17 – 19 ].…”