Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activities of Herbs and Pastures in Northern Japan Determined Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry

Abstract

Free radicals are not only destructive to the living cells but also reduce the quality of animal products through oxidation. As a result the superoxide anion radical (O2・-), one of the most destructive reactive oxygen species, is a matter of concern for the animal scientists as well as feed manufacturers to ensure the quality of product to reach consumers demand. The superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (SOSA) of water and MeOH extracts of 2 herbs and 9 pasture samples collected from lowland and highland swards were determined against a 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyroline-N-oxide-O2・-spin adduct based on a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction using electron spin resonance spectrometry. Both the water and MeOH extracted SOSA differed among the herbs and pastures. Species and altitudinal variations were observed between extraction methods. The herbs were higher in both water and MeOH extracted SOSA than the pastures except for water extracts of one pasture, white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Among the pastures, quackgrass (Agrophyron repens L.) showed higher SOSA in both the MeOH and water extracts, and timothy (Phleum pretense L.) showed higher MeOH extracted SOSA. It is apparent that the kind and amount of antioxidants differ among herbs and pastures. Animal health and quality of animal products could be improved by adequate selection and combining of herbs and pastures having higher SOSA.

Responses of plasma glucose metabolism to exogenous insulin infusion in sheep-fed forage herb plantain and exposed to heat

“…It was found that antioxidants ameliorated heat stress in sheep (Chauhan et al, 2014). Therefore, due to the antioxidant (Al-Mamun et al, 2007a) and also the higher plasma α-tocopherol content of PL-diet, the rectal temperature was comparatively lower during the HE when animals were offered the PL-diet compared with the MH-diet. Environments did not affect heart rate, which was in accordance with the previous findings by Sano et al (1983) in sheep.…”

“…Higher α-tocopherol is an indication of higher free radical scavenging activities (FRSA). It was reported that plantain was superior to other traditional pastures and herbs in Japan to FRSA (Al-Mamun et al, 2007a). α-Tocopherol is the most frequently used lipid-soluble free radical scavenger, and it may scavenge the free radical on the surface of cell membrane efficiently and finally terminate the lipid oxidation (Buckley et al, 1995).…”

“…Plantain has anti-bacterial properties (Ishiguro et al, 1982), enzyme inhibitory activities (Nishibe and Murai, 1995) and anti-inflammatory effects (Park and Chang, 2004;Beara et al, 2010). Plantain also has bioactive components, acteoside, aucubin and catalpol (Al-Mamun et al, 2008a) that express superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (Al-Mamun et al, 2007a). It was reported that plantain had a positive influence on whole body protein synthesis (Al-Mamun et al, 2008b) in sheep during HE (30°C, 70% RH).…”

A Comparative Study on Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and in Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activityof Various Solvent Extracts of Tetracera Akara(burm. F.) Merr., an Ethnomedicinal Plant Used by Kani Tribe of Kerala.

“…Superoxide anion radical is one of the strongest ROS among the free radicals and get converted to other harmful reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical causing damages to biomolecules. They induce oxidative damage in lipids, protein and DNA by producing powerful and dangerous hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy nitrite and singlet oxygen ultimately (Al-Mamun et al, 2007). Here superoxide radicals are generated in PMS-NADH systems by oxidation of NADH and assayed by the reduction of nitro-bluetetrazolium (NBT), measured at 560 nm.…”

Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and Investigation of the Antioxidant Activity of Rhizome Extracts

“…Superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity (SOSA) was investigated following the method in previous reports [12][13][14][15]. O 2 ˑw as generated from the HPX-XOD reaction.…”