Supernovae without host galaxies?

Zinn, Peter; Stritzinger, M. D.; Braithwaite, Jonathan; Gallazzi, Anna; Grunden, Philipp; Bomans, D. J.; Morrell, N.; Bach, U.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116433

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…"Hostless" events are designated separately. For CCSNe these "hostless" events probably do have low-luminosity, coincident hosts fainter than the SDSS detection threshold (e.g., Zinn et al 2012). For most "hostless" SNeIa we anticipate that there is no coincident host and the progenitor has traveled a sufficient distance from the galaxy in which the system formed such that there is no probabilistically secure association, although it is possible that a few may have undetected low-luminosity, coincident hosts (Strolger et al 2002).…”

Section: Host-galaxy Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey. II. A Public Statistical Sample for Exploring Supernova Demographics*

Perley

Fremling

Sollerman

et al. 2020

ApJ

185

169

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We present a public catalog of transients from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Bright Transient Survey, a magnitude-limited (m<19 mag in either the g or r filter) survey for extragalactic transients in the ZTF public stream. We introduce cuts on survey coverage, sky visibility around peak light, and other properties unconnected to the nature of the transient, and show that the resulting statistical sample is spectroscopically 97% complete at <18 mag, 93% complete at <18.5 mag, and 75% complete at <19 mag. We summarize the fundamental properties of this population, identifying distinct duration-luminosity correlations in a variety of supernova (SN) classes and associating the majority of fast optical transients with well-established spectroscopic SN types (primarily SN Ibn and II/IIb). We measure the Type Ia SN and core-collapse (CC) SN rates and luminosity functions, which show good consistency with recent work. About 7% of CCSNe explode in very low-luminosity galaxies (M i >−16 mag), 10% in red-sequence galaxies, and 1% in massive ellipticals. We find no significant difference in the luminosity or color distributions between the host galaxies of SNe Type II and SNe Type Ib/c, suggesting that line-driven wind stripping does not play a major role in the loss of the hydrogen envelope from their progenitors. Future large-scale classification efforts with ZTF and other wide-area surveys will provide highquality measurements of the rates, properties, and environments of all known types of optical transients and limits on the existence of theoretically predicted but as yet unobserved explosions.

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Section: Host-galaxy Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey. II. A Public Statistical Sample for Exploring Supernova Demographics*

Perley

Fremling

Sollerman

et al. 2020

ApJ

185

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lines of constant mean surface brightness are shown as dashed black lines. available to Zinn et al (2012) (20 min exposures on an 8.2m mirror compared to 1 min and 5 min exposures on 2.5and 3.5-m mirrors, respectively). This is particularly evident in Figure 10, where the HSC-SSP image of LSBG-729 reveals spiral structure and compact regions of star formation, whereas only its central region is marginally visible in the SDSS image.…”

Section: A Lsb Supernova Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illuminating Low Surface Brightness Galaxies with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey

Greco

Greene

Strauss

et al. 2018

ApJ

193

294

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We present a catalog of extended low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) identified in the Wide layer of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). Using the first ∼200 deg 2 of the survey, we have uncovered 781 LSBGs, spanning red (g − i ≥ 0.64) and blue (g − i < 0.64) colors and a wide range of morphologies. Since we focus on extended galaxies (r eff = 2.5-14 ), our sample is likely dominated by low-redshift objects. We define LSBGs to have mean surface brightnessesμ eff (g) > 24.3 mag arcsec −2 , which allows nucleated galaxies into our sample. As a result, the central surface brightness distribution spans a wide range of µ 0 (g) = 18-27.4 mag arcsec −2 , with 50% and 95% of galaxies fainter than 24.3 and 22 mag arcsec −2 , respectively. Furthermore, the surface brightness distribution is a strong function of color, with the red distribution being much broader and generally fainter than that of the blue LSBGs, and this trend shows a clear correlation with galaxy morphology. Red LSBGs typically have smooth light profiles that are well-characterized by singlecomponent Sérsic functions. In contrast, blue LSBGs tend to have irregular morphologies and show evidence for ongoing star formation. We crossmatch our sample with existing optical, H I, and ultraviolet catalogs to gain insight into the physical nature of the LSBGs. We find that our sample is diverse, ranging from dwarf spheroidals and ultra-diffuse galaxies in nearby groups to gas-rich irregulars to giant LSB spirals, demonstrating the potential of the HSC-SSP to provide a truly unprecedented view of the LSBG population.

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“…Impey & Bothun (1997). Zinn et al (2011) showed that because of the type of explosion (IIb, which require progenitor masses of at least 20 M , see Heger et al 2003), high-mass star formation must also occur in these extremely faint galaxies, which contradicts our current understanding of LSBs. Constraining the star formation history of SN 2009Z's host galaxy, they concluded 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In an accompanying paper (Zinn et al 2011), we analyzed the host galaxy of SN 2009Z, which was classified as a low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy. Those galaxies are particularly hard to observe because of their low surface brightness μ B > 23 mag arcsec −2 as defined by e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supernovae without host galaxies?

Zinn

Grunden

Bomans

2011

A&A

Self Cite

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Context. Harvesting the SAI supernova catalog, the most complete list of supernovae (SNe) currently available, we search for SNe that apparently do not occur within a distinct host galaxy but lie a great distance (several arcmin) apart from the host galaxy given in the catalog or even show no sign of an identifiable galaxy in their direct vicinity. Aims. We attempt to distinguish between two possible explanations of this host-lessness of a fraction of reported SNe, namely (i) that a host galaxy is too faint (of too low surface brightness) to be detected within the limits of currently available surveys (presumably a low surface brightness galaxy) or (ii) the progenitor of the SN is a hypervelocity star (HVS) that exploded kiloparsecs away from its host galaxy. Methods. We use deep imaging to test the first explanation. If no galaxy is identified within our detection limit of ∼27 mag arcsec −2 , which is the central surface brightness of the faintest known LSB galaxy so far, we discard this explanation and propose that the SN, after several other checks, had a hypervelocity star progenitor. We focus on observations for which this is the case and give lower limits to the actual space velocities of the progenitors, making them the first hypervelocity stars known in galaxies other than our own Milky Way. Results. Analyzing a selected subsample of five host-less SNe, we find one, SN 2006bx in UGC 5434, is a possible hypervelocity progenitor category with a high probability, exhibiting a projected velocity of ∼800 km s −1 . SN 1969L in NGC 1058 is most likely an example of a very extended star-forming disk visible only in the far-UV, but not in the optical wavebands. Therefore, this SN is clearly due to in situ star formation. This mechanism may also apply to two other SNe that we investigated (SN 1970L and SN 1997C), but this cannot be determined with certainty. Another SN, SN 2005 nc which is associated with a gamma-ray burst (GRB 050525), is a special case that is not covered by our initial assumptions. Even with deep Hubble Space Telescope data, a host galaxy cannot be unambiguously identified.

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Supernovae without host galaxies?

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

The Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey. II. A Public Statistical Sample for Exploring Supernova Demographics*

The Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey. II. A Public Statistical Sample for Exploring Supernova Demographics*

Illuminating Low Surface Brightness Galaxies with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey

Supernovae without host galaxies?

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