Supernovae and photoionizing feedback in spiral arm molecular clouds

Bending, Thomas; Dobbs, Clare; Bate, Matthew R.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac965

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The fact that both the photon production rate and the mechanical luminosity of stellar winds correlate with the outflow velocities indicates that the pre-SN feedback is important and sufficient to drive outflows alone. This is consistent with numerical simulations that highlight the fundamental role that pre-SN feedback has in reprocessing the gas of the natal cloud where SNe will explode (Bending et al 2022).…”

Section: Stellar Feedback As a Driver Of Local Outflowssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The absence of strong correlations for the ionized gas outflows is in part due to the presence of the outlier M51-YSC1, but it is likely also due to the larger uncertainties of the outflow measurements that result in a larger scatter of the data points. The correlation of the neutral outflow velocities with the photon production rate and the mechanical luminosity of stellar winds indicates the importance of pre-SN feedback in reprocessing the gas of the natal cloud where SNe will explode (Lopez et al 2014;Barnes et al 2021;McLeod et al 2021;Bending et al 2022;Chevance et al 2022;Della Bruna et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the effect that clustered feedback has on the natal cloud and the immediate ISM, isolated clouds or clouds surrounded by an idealized disk plane medium are typically simulated (e.g., Lancaster et al 2021a;Bending et al 2022;Dobbs et al 2022;Grudić et al 2022). These simulations find that cluster feedback drives gas outflows, also referred to as bubbles and superbubbles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CLusters in the Uv as EngineS (CLUES). II. Subkiloparsec-scale Outflows Driven by Stellar Feedback

Sirressi,

Adamo,

Hayes

et al. 2024

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We analyze the far-ultraviolet (1130−1770 Å rest frame) spectroscopy of 20 young (<50 Myr) and massive (>104 M ⊙) star clusters (YSCs) in 11 nearby star-forming galaxies. We probe the interstellar gas intervening along the line of sight, detecting several metal absorption lines of a wide range of ionization potentials, from 6.0 to 77.5 eV. Multiple-component Voigt fits to the absorption lines are used to study the kinematics of the gas. We find that nearly all targets in the sample feature gas outflowing from 30 up to 190 km s−1, often in both the neutral and ionized phases. The outflow velocities correlate with the underlying stellar population properties directly linked to the feedback: the mass of the YSCs, the photon production rate, and the instantaneous mechanical luminosity produced by stellar winds and supernovae. We detect a neutral inflow in four targets, which we interpret as likely not associated with the star cluster but tracing larger-scale gas kinematics. A comparison between the outflows’ energy and that produced by the associated young stellar populations suggests an average coupling efficiency of 10% with a broad scatter. Our results extend the relation found in previous works between galactic outflows and the host galaxy star formation rate to smaller scales, pointing toward the key role that clustered star formation and feedback play in regulating galaxy growth.

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Section: Stellar Feedback As a Driver Of Local Outflowssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CLusters in the Uv as EngineS (CLUES). II. Subkiloparsec-scale Outflows Driven by Stellar Feedback

Sirressi,

Adamo,

Hayes

et al. 2024

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“…Pre-SN feedback helps clear the medium surrounding massive stars before the first SN explosion occurs at around ∼4 Myr (Leitherer et al 2014), and the effect of SN explosions is to mainly inject energy into the ISM outside of the natal cloud, rather than affecting the star formation within the natal cloud itself (Lucas et al 2020;Grudić et al 2022). According to models, radiative feedback may be key for regulating star formation within galaxies (Hopkins et al 2020;Bending et al 2022) and processes that act over timescales shorter than SN explosions may be required to clear channels in the ISM for the escape of ionizing photons from galaxies, as half of the ionizing photons are supplied within the first 3 Myr (Ma et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust-buried Compact Sources in the Dwarf Galaxy NGC 4449

Calzetti

Linden

McQuaid

et al. 2023

ApJ

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Multiwavelength images from the Hubble Space Telescope covering the wavelength range 0.27–1.6 μm show that the central area of the nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 4449 contains several tens of compact sources that are emitting in the hydrogen recombination line Paβ (1.2818 μm) but are only marginally detected in Hα (0.6563 μm) and undetected at wavelengths λ ≤ 0.55 μm. An analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these sources indicates that they are likely relatively young stellar clusters heavily attenuated by dust. The selection function used to identify the sources prevents meaningful statistical analyses of their age, mass, and dust extinction distributions. However, these cluster candidates have ages ∼5–6 Myr and A V > 6 mag, according to their SED fits, and are extremely compact, with typical deconvolved radii of 1 pc. The dusty clusters are located at the periphery of the dark clouds within the galaxy and appear to be partially embedded. Density and pressure considerations indicate that the H ii regions surrounding these clusters may be stalled, and that pre-supernova (pre-SN) feedback has not been able to clear the clusters of their natal cocoons. These findings are in potential tension with existing models that regulate star formation with pre-SN feedback, since pre-SN feedback acts on short timescales, ≲4 Myr, for a standard stellar initial mass function. The existence of a population of dusty stellar clusters with ages >4 Myr, if confirmed by future observations, paints a more complex picture for the role of stellar feedback in controlling star formation.

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“…A full accounting of the different mechanisms and the timescales over which they dominate is important because feedback drives the evolution of the star-forming material (e.g. Deharveng et al 2010;Walch et al 2012;Dale et al 2014;Ali 2021;Bending et al 2022), may affect local star formation (e.g. Thompson et al 2012;Dale et al 2015), and enhances the distances out to which eventual supernovae impact the interstellar medium (by carving low-density channels in the star-forming cloud, see e.g., Rogers & Pittard 2013;Lucas et al 2020;Rathjen et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep diving off the `Cosmic Cliffs': previously hidden outflows in NGC 3324 revealed by JWST

Reiter¹,

Morse²,

Smith³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We present a detailed analysis of the protostellar outflow activity in the massive star-forming region NGC 3324, as revealed by new Early Release Observations (ERO) from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Emission from numerous outflows is revealed in narrow-band images of hydrogen Paschen-𝛼 (Pa-𝛼) and molecular hydrogen. In particular, we report the discovery of 24 previously unknown outflows based on their H 2 emission. We find three candidate driving sources for these H 2 flows in published catalogs of young stellar objects (YSOs) and we identify 15 IR point sources in the new JWST images as potential driving protostars. We also identify several Herbig-Haro (HH) objects in Pa-𝛼 images from JWST; most are confirmed as jets based on their proper motions measured in a comparison with previous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) H𝛼 images. This confirmed all previous HST-identified HH jets and candidate jets, and revealed 7 new HH objects. The unprecedented capabilities of JWST allow the direct comparison of atomic and molecular outflow components at comparable angular resolution. Future observations will allow quantitative analysis of the excitation, mass-loss rates, and velocities of these new flows. As a relatively modest region of massive star formation (larger than Orion but smaller than starburst clusters), NGC 3324 offers a preview of what star formation studies with JWST may provide.

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Supernovae and photoionizing feedback in spiral arm molecular clouds

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

CLusters in the Uv as EngineS (CLUES). II. Subkiloparsec-scale Outflows Driven by Stellar Feedback

CLusters in the Uv as EngineS (CLUES). II. Subkiloparsec-scale Outflows Driven by Stellar Feedback

Dust-buried Compact Sources in the Dwarf Galaxy NGC 4449

Deep diving off the `Cosmic Cliffs': previously hidden outflows in NGC 3324 revealed by JWST

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