Supernova explosion mechanism taking into account large-scale convection and neutrino transport

Abstract

Two types of supernovae are considered: thermonuclear supernovae, whose explosions are due to thermonuclear energy, and core-collapse supernovae, whose explosions are due to the gravitational energy of collapsing stars released in the form of neutrinos. Numerical models of supernovae are discussed. The main problem in devising supernova explosion mechanisms is producing the energy required to disperse the envelope. In theoretical models, it is necessary to solve multi-dimensional problems involving complex physics (3D gas dynamics, neutrino transport, large-scale convective instability, and other important physical processes). In recent years, the development of large-scale convection during supernova explosions has been reconsidered. Self-consistent problems problems in three-dimensional, gas-dynamical instability have been considered. Two-dimensional gas-dynamical calculations taking into account neutrino absorption in the envelope have been performed. The spherically symmetric collapse and neutrino transport were calculated including all reactions, leading to a new understanding of possible paths for the development of supernova theory. The main emphasis is placed on the neutrino transport and the basis for promising multidimensional models taking into account large-scale convective instability.

A Multidimensional Multicomponent Gas Dynamic with the Neutrino Transfer in Gravitational Collapse

“…The main expected effects from large-scale convection are not only the increasing of the neutrino energy flux, but also the increasing of the average energy for outgoing neutrinos, because large-scale convection facilitates the neutrino transport from a "hot" central region. The average neutrino energy 30 MeV, even with the same neutrino luminosity such as a 1D model of collapse, provides the kinetic energy of the envelope ∼10 51 erg [24], because the cross section of neutrino scattering on electron with the small Fermi energy is proportional to the average neutrino energy [27][28][29]. To understand the possibility of such important effect due to convection, we calculated 2D collapse with neutrino spectrum [30,31].…”