Supermirror design for Hard X-Ray Telescopes on-board Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

Tamura, Kouichi; Kunieda, H.; Miyata, Yusuke; Okajima, Takashi; Miyazawa, Tatsuo; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Awaki, Hisamitsu; Haba, Yoshito; Ishibashi, Koji; Ishida, M.; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Mori, Hajime; Tawara, Yuzuru; Yamauchi, Shigeo; Uesugi, Kentaro; Suzuki, Yoshio; Team, Hxt

doi:10.1117/1.jatis.4.1.011209

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The structure consisted of 168 layers overall, while Pt thickness was fixed at the level of 15 Å, except for the top layer, in which Pt and C were selected equal to suppress the second Bragg peak. Due to its simplicity this method was successfully applied during development of grazing incidence X-ray mirrors for X-ray telescopes InFOCµS and ASTRO-H, as well as for other applications [18][19][20].…”

Section: Aperiodic Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and research of mirrors with a wide bandwidth for synchrotron applications

et al. 2022

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The work is devoted to the development, fabrication and analysis of broadband W / Si multilayer mirrors for a broadband monochromator, calculated for the spectral range of 7-10 keV. The possibility of using the stacking approach to obtain multilayer mirrors with a reflection coefficient of about 30% and a spectral bandwidth Delta E/E of about 20% is shown. The results of measurements of the angular and spectral reflection curves of the mirror obtained on a laboratory diffractometer and on a synchrotron in Novosibirsk are presented. Keywords: hard X-ray range, monochromator, synchrotron radiation, broadband mirrors, stack structures, multilayer X-ray mirrors.

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Section: Aperiodic Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and research of mirrors with a wide bandwidth for synchrotron applications

et al. 2022

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“…Those supermirrors composed of alternative two materials with high-and low-density are used to further increase reflectance beyond this energy and incident angle. Generally, three methods are used to design supermirrors, which are called the Mezei method [8,9], Kozhevnikov method [10,11], and block method [12][13][14]. The supermirrors used in NuSTAR [15] and ATHENA [16,17] were designed by the Mezei method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supermirrors used in NuSTAR [15] and ATHENA [16,17] were designed by the Mezei method. And the supermirror used in ASTRO-H [14] was designed by block method. The supermirrors designed by Mezei and Kozhevnikov methods often have complicated thickness distribution, they require precise deposition velocity control, and even some small errors during deposition will result in severe optical performance deterioration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized B/Ir supermirror for Einstein Probe focusing mirrors in x-ray region of above 8 keV

Wang

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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The Einstein Probe (EP) focusing mirrors is a main load to focus and image X-rays. A single-layer which adopts Nickel substrates and Gold reflective coatings has been used for the EP focusing mirrors and has excellent performance below 8 keV. It is a possibility to enhance the effective area of higher X-ray regions by using the multilayer design. The multilayer with single block is designed and has excellent reflectance at specific X-ray energies above 8 keV. 54 multilayers are used for all mirror shells with different incident angles. The optimized B/Ir supermirror for EP focusing mirrors shows an effective area of up to 152 cm2 in 9 keV. And, the method can be used to design supermirror for higher X-ray regions, which will achieve hard X-ray detection with short focal length focusing mirrors and small hard X-ray detection satellite.

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“…It used 10 different recipes of multilayers of W/Si and P t/C [21] with the thickness varying from 2.50 nm to 12.8 nm to extend the higher energy cut-off till 79 keV. The Hitomi X-ray observatory [22] had a similar hard X-ray telescope developed based on depth-graded multilayer mirrors [23]. Currently few proposals for a future hard X-ray focusing missions, such as PolSTAR [24], BEST [25], FORCE [26], HEX-P [27], InFOCuS [28], X-Calibur [29][30], XL-Calibur [31], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DarpanX: A Python Package for Modeling X-ray Reflectivity of Multilayer Mirrors

Mondal,

Vadawale,

Mithun

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Multilayer X-ray mirrors consist of a coating of a large number of alternate layers of high Z and low Z materials with a typical thickness of 10 -100 Å, on a suitable substrate. Such coatings play an important role in enhancing the reflectivity of X-ray mirrors by allowing reflections at angles much larger than the critical angle of X-ray reflection for the given materials. Coating with an equal thickness of each bilayer (constant period multilayers) enhances the reflectivity at discrete energies, satisfying Bragg condition for the given thickness. However, by systematically varying the bilayer thickness in the multilayer stack (depth graded multilayers), it is possible to design X-ray mirrors having enhanced reflectivity over a broad energy range. One of the most important applications of such a depth graded multilayer mirror is to realize hard X-ray telescopes for astronomical purposes. Design of such multilayer X-ray mirrors and their characterization with X-ray reflectivity measurements require appropriate software tools that can compute X-ray reflectivity for the given set of parameters and geometry. We have initiated the development of hard X-ray optics for future Indian X-ray astronomical missions, and in this context, we have developed a program, DarpanX, to calculate X-ray reflectivity for single and multilayer mirrors. It can be used as a stand-alone tool for designing multilayer mirrors with required characteristics. But more importantly, it has been implemented as a local model for the popular X-ray spectral fitting program, XSPEC, and thus can be used for accurate fitting of the experimentally measured X-ray reflectivity data. DarpanX is implemented as a Python 3 module, and an API is provided to access the underlying algorithms. Here we present details of DarpanX implementation and its validation for different type multilayer structures. We also demonstrate the model fitting capability of DarpanX for experimental X-ray reflectivity measurements of single and multilayer samples.

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Supermirror design for Hard X-Ray Telescopes on-board Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Manufacturing and research of mirrors with a wide bandwidth for synchrotron applications

Manufacturing and research of mirrors with a wide bandwidth for synchrotron applications

An optimized B/Ir supermirror for Einstein Probe focusing mirrors in x-ray region of above 8 keV

DarpanX: A Python Package for Modeling X-ray Reflectivity of Multilayer Mirrors

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