Supermarkets, International Trade and Farmers in Developing Countries: Evidence from Madagascar

Public–private partnerships and collective action in high value fruit and vegetable supply chains

“…While there is no denying that the short-term impact of food safety standards has been to exclude smallholders, cases exist where, given institutional support and sufficient time, some smallholder systems have been able to successfully participate in high value markets (Minten et al, 2005). Berdegué (2001), Boselie et al (2003) and Henson et al (2005) also provide examples of technological (for example, cooling facilities) and organizational arrangements (producer groups in contractual arrangements with the exporters) that allow smallholders to access high value export markets.…”

Conflict between Supermarkets and Wet-Markets in Ghana: Early Warning Signals and Preventive Policy Recommendations

“…Reardon et al (2005) demostrate how the opportunity given to small firms in the Pacific Rim to enter the supermarket supply chain yielded gains in trade development, in that, they are able to move from being local suppliers to become national, regional and global suppliers of supermarkets, thereby increasing profits. Another example is seen in Madagascar where about ten thousand farmers were given the opportunity to supply to supermarkets in Europe by giving them technical support to meet quality standards of supermarkets (Minten et al, 2005). On the other hand, the challenges presented to those who could not afford the costs involved in changing production practices to meet supermarket standards and volume requirements include being excluded from the supply chain and are also driven out of business (Reardon et al, 2005;Faiguenbaum et al, 2002;Rodriguez et al, 2002).…”

“…Where small-scale farmers and processors are privileged to supply to supermarkets, the case of conflict is also non-existent. Example is the case of Madagascar as reported by Minten et al (2005), where about 10,000 farmers were given "microcontracts" to supply to supermarkets in the UK. The benefits that this opportunity bring to the farmers include improved access to inputs, credit, extension services, technology adoption and productivity spillover effects on other crops (Minten et al, 2005).…”

“…(iii) Most market research in Africa has focused on wholesale markets for grain (iv)Where 'supermarkets' have been targeted by recent Africa research, they have mainly been UK supermarkets procuring horticultural products and fish from Kenyan and South African growers" (Weatherspoon and Reardon, 2003, p.334) In recent years, majority of the studies on modern retailers in Africa have concentrated on Southern Africa (e.g. Battersby and Peyton, 2014;Peyton et al, 2015;Crush and Frayne, 2011;D'Haese and van Huylenbroek, 2005;Minten et al, 2005), and East Africa (e.g. Assefa et al, 2016;Andersson et al, 2015;Quaim et al, 2014;Rao and Quaim, 2011;Neven et al, 2009;Neven et al, 2006;Neven and Reardon, 2004;Weatherspoon and Reardon, 2003), with little research activity on North Africa (e.g.…”

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa

“…Increasing consumer demand in developed economies for organic food may provide an export opportunity for the country. Minten, Randrianarison, and Swinnen (2005) show that farmers' participation in contract farming with global retailers also promises the development of niche markets abroad, which will help contribute to poverty reduction at home. 2.…”