Supermacroporous polyHIPE and cryogel monolithic materials as stationary phases in separation science: a review

Choudhury, Sidratul; Connolly, Damian; White, Blánaid

doi:10.1039/c5ay01193k

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Compared to the precursor PC, the postcrosslinking sample HCRP and HCFC display surface area enhancement of 5.6‐ and 9.0‐fold based on mercury intrusion porosimetry, and 30.3‐ and 731‐fold based on nitrogen adsorption. The HCFC sample achieved 1462 m 2 g −1 of BET surface area, which is the highest value in supermacroporous materials related reports to date . A relatively high temperature and pressure in the solvothermal instrument is in favor of accelerating postcrosslinking reaction, which should account for the improvement on the surface area of the samples.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Cryogels are a type of supermacroporous materials of interconnected micrometer‐scale porous structures obtained from crosslinking of monomeric or polymeric precursors via either covalent interactions, or noncovalent interactions, or ionic interactions at freezing temperatures below the melting point of the solvent and pore formation with solvent crystals . Compared to poly high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), another class of supermacroporous materials, cryogels are “green” and easy of preparation mainly due to free of any surfactant . Moreover, owing to a unique cryoconcentration effect in the cryotropic gel formation, the porogens can reach up to 90% relative to the total volume, allowing for high porosity and low density of cryogels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supermacroporous polydivinylbenzene cryogels with high surface area: Synthesis by solvothermal postcrosslinking and their adsorption behaviors for carbon dioxide and aniline

Guo

Wang

Chen

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cryogels are supermacroporous but restricted by lack of surface area in utilization to date. We here propose a method for fabrication of supermacroporous polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) cryogels with high surface area by redox‐initiated cryopolymerization combined with solvothermal postcrosslinking technique. The PDVB precursor cryogels are prepared by redox‐initiated cryopolymerization, followed by postcrosslinking of residual double bonds to form hypercrosslinked cryogels under solvothermal conditions. The hypercrosslinked cryogels maintain the original supermacroporosity and display very high surface area up to 1462 m2 g−1. We demonstrate the utilization of the resultant cryogel in uptake of carbon dioxide (7.9 wt % at 1 bar and 62.2 wt % at 25 bar, respectively) and uptake of aniline (333.3 mg g−1 at room temperature) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption behaviors of aniline on the hypercrosslinked cryogels are found to follow Langmuir model as well as Freundlich model in equilibrium adsorption and to follow pseudo‐second‐order model in kinetic adsorption, respectively. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47716.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermacroporous polydivinylbenzene cryogels with high surface area: Synthesis by solvothermal postcrosslinking and their adsorption behaviors for carbon dioxide and aniline

Guo

Wang

Chen

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Preparation of polymeric monoliths can be realized by several different approaches. First, monoliths can be prepared from the corresponding monomers via polymerization induced phase separation, polymerization within high internal phase emulsion templates, and cryogelation . Second, monoliths can be produced via nonsolvent or thermally induced phase separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical parameters controlling the properties of monolithic poly(lactic acid) foams prepared by thermally induced phase separation

Önder

Yılgör

2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Monolithic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams were produced by thermally induced phase separation. PLA solutions with concentrations 8–22 wt % were prepared in tetrahydrofuran/methanol (THF/MeOH) solvent/nonsolvent mixtures at 55 °C. Homogenous solutions were quenched at −20 °C to induce phase separation and gelation. Resulting gels were mechanically stabilized by solvent exchange. Subsequent supercritical CO2 drying yielded monolithic PLA foams. Crystal structure and degree of crystallinity of the foams were obtained by x‐ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Morphologies were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Tuning the PLA concentration and THF/MeOH ratio enabled preparation of monolithic PLA foams. Depending on the experimental conditions various morphologies, such as: interconnected networks, thin platelets, lamellar stacks, axialites, and spherulites were formed. Monoliths obtained were highly crystalline. By changing the PLA concentration monoliths with controlled average pore sizes (170–1440 nm) and porosities (80–90%) were produced. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 98–108

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“…When the internal droplet phase is aqueous and the continuous phase is organic, upon polymerisation a monolithic structure results with the formation of interconnected pore structures [1][2][3][4]. The larger pore structures are known as voids while the smaller pore structures within the void are known as windows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influence on Chromatographic Separation Using Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions

Choudhury

Duffy

Connolly³

et al. 2017

Separations

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This work presents the first instance of reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of small molecules using graphene oxide nanoparticle-modified polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymeric high internal phase emulsion (GONP PS-co-DVB polyHIPE) materials housed within a 200-µm internal diameter (i.d.) fused silica capillary. The graphene oxide nanoparticle (GONP)-modified materials were produced as a potential strategy to increase both the surface area limitations and the reproducibility issues observed in monolithic stationary phase materials. GONP PS-co-DVB polyHIPEs were found to have a surface area up to 40% lower than unmodified polymeric high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) stationary phases. However, despite having a surface area significantly lower than that of the unmodified material, the GONP-modified polyHIPEs demonstrated superior analyte adsorption properties. Reducing the GONP material did not have any significant impact on elution order or retention factor of the analytes, which was most likely due to low GONP loading attributed to the 250-nm GONPs utilised. The lower surface area of GONP-modified polyHIPEs provided similar separation efficiency and increased repeatability from injection to injection resulting in % relative standard deviations (%RSDs) of less than 0.6%, indicating the potential offered by graphene oxide (GO)-modified polyHIPES in flow through applications such as adsorption or separation processes.

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Supermacroporous polyHIPE and cryogel monolithic materials as stationary phases in separation science: a review

Abstract: With their unique supermacroporous architecture, polyHIPEs (high internal phase emulsions) and cryogels have huge potential as analytical separation stationary phases.

Cited by 48 publications

References 116 publications

Supermacroporous polydivinylbenzene cryogels with high surface area: Synthesis by solvothermal postcrosslinking and their adsorption behaviors for carbon dioxide and aniline

Supermacroporous polydivinylbenzene cryogels with high surface area: Synthesis by solvothermal postcrosslinking and their adsorption behaviors for carbon dioxide and aniline

Critical parameters controlling the properties of monolithic poly(lactic acid) foams prepared by thermally induced phase separation

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influence on Chromatographic Separation Using Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions

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