Superlative Porous Organic Polymers for Photochemical and Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Applications: From Synthesis to Functionality

Abstract

To mimic the carbon cycle at a kinetically rapid pace, the sustainable conversion of omnipresent CO 2 to value-added chemical feedstock and hydrocarbon fuels implies a remarkable prototype for utilizing released CO 2 . Porous organic polymers (POPs) have been recognized as remarkable catalytic systems for achieving large-scale applicability in energy-driven processes. POPs offer mesoporous characteristics, higher surface area, and superior optoelectronic properties that lead to their relatively advanced activity and selectivity for CO 2 conversion. In comparison to the metal organic frameworks, POPs exhibit an enhanced tendency toward membrane formation, which governs their excellent stability with regard to remarkable ultrathinness and tailored pore channels. The structural ascendancy of POPs can be effectively utilized to develop cost-effective catalytic supports for energy conversion processes to leapfrog over conventional noble metal catalysts that have nonlinear techno-economic equilibrium. Herein, we precisely surveyed the functionality of POPs from scratch, classified it, and provided a critical commentary of its current methodological advancements and photo/ electrochemical achievements in the CO 2 reduction reaction.

Visible-Light-Driven Reduction of CO2 to CO with Highly Active and Selective Earth-Abundant Metal Porphyrin-Conjugated Organic Polymers

“…Due to the widespread use of fossil fuels, large quantities of CO 2 emitted into the atmosphere cause serious environmental issues and energy problems that need to be addressed . Photosynthesis by plants can mitigate this phenomenon by converting CO 2 and water into oxygen and carbohydrates under sunlight irradiation, inspiring researchers to explore simulated plant photosynthesis and develop artificial photocatalytic systems that convert CO 2 into economically valuable chemical products, such as CH 4 , CO, and CH 3 OH. − The most important part of this work is the construction of photocatalysts.…”

Flatland materials for photochemical and electrochemical nitrogen fixation applications: from lab-door experiments to large-scale applicability

“…49,50 Diverse modification attempts have been made by researchers to augment the catalytic efficiency of flatland materials, such as surface functionalization, 51 intercalation, 52 and incorporating porous materials or non-layered materials (such as porous organic polymers (POPs) or TiO 2 ) to develop heterojunctions. 28,53,54 These chemical strategies to tailor the physicochemical properties of flatland materials require optimized reaction conditions at the time of synthesis, such as the solvent selectivity, thermal conditions and exfoliating parameters, to extract monolayers of 2D materials. 48 To achieve a higher yield during the NRR process, the enhancement of exposed surface sites is the primary factor.…”