Superiority illusion arises from resting-state brain networks modulated by dopamine

Yamada, Makiko; Uddin, Lucina Q.; Takahashi, Hidehiko; Kimura, Yasuyuki; Takahata, Keisuke; Kousa, Ririko; Ikoma, Yoko; Eguchi, Yoko; Takano, Harumasa; Ito, Hiroshi; Higuchi, Makoto; Suhara, Tetsuya

doi:10.1073/pnas.1221681110

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Secondly, a higher striatal DA activity and the related downregulation of D2-receptors has been related to a variety of both adaptive and maladaptive attributes associated with primary psychopathy more generally such as heightened dominance, extravagance, optimism-bias, internal locus of control, irresponsibility, selfishness, self-confidence (i.e., higher grandiosity, superiority illusion, and self-perceived social desirability), behavioral activation, motivational drive, extraversion, venturesomeness, trait positive affectivity, and creativity (Ashby et al, 1999;Depue and Collins, 1999;Berridge, 2003;Flaherty, 2005;Forbes and Dahl, 2005;Declerck et al, 2006;Depue, 2006;Previc, 2009;Sharot et al, 2009;Cervenka et al, 2010;Egerton et al, 2010;Cabib and Puglisi-Allegra, 2012;Sharot et al, 2012;Lawrence et al, 2013;Yamada et al, 2013;Andreou et al, 2014;Pedroni et al, 2014;Tomer et al, 2014;Lawrence and Brooks, 2014).…”

Section: Tonic/population Mesolimbic Da Activity In Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity

Yildirim

Derksen

2015

Psychiatry Research

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Section: Tonic/population Mesolimbic Da Activity In Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity

Yildirim

Derksen

2015

Psychiatry Research

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“…[9]. We guessed that if the results of brain activity studies in BD during mania matched those of the Yamada network and during depression were associated with reduced activity of the network, the PoM hypothesis could be valid and further testable, and if contrary evidence was obtained, the hypothesis would probably be not valid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Evidence for the Primacy of Mania Hypothesis

Kotzalidis¹,

Rapinesi

Savoja

et al. 2017

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Background: Athanasios Koukopoulos proposed the primacy of mania hypothesis (PoM) in a 2006 book chapter and later, in two peer-reviewed papers with Nassir Ghaemi and other collaborators. This hypothesis supports that in bipolar disorder, mania leads to depression, while depression does not lead to mania.Objective: To identify evidence in literature that supports or falsifies this hypothesis.Method: We searched the medical literature (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) for peer-reviewed papers on the primacy of mania, the default mode function of the brain in normal people and in bipolar disorder patients, and on illusion superiority until 6 June, 2016. Papers resulting from searches were considered for appropriateness to our objective. We adopted the PRISMA method for our review. The search for consistency with PoM was filtered through the neurobiological results of superiority illusion studies.Results: Out of a grand total of 139 records, 59 were included in our analysis. Of these, 36 were of uncertain value as to the primacy of mania hypothesis, 22 favoured it, and 1 was contrary, but the latter pooled patients in their manic and depressive phases, so to invalidate possible conclusions about its consistency with regard to PoM. All considered studies were not focused on PoM or superiority illusion, hence most of their results were, as expected, unrelated to the circuitry involved in superiority illusion. A considerable amount of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis, although indirectly so. Limitations. Only few studies compared manic with depressive phases, with the majority including patients in euthymia.Conclusion: It is possible that humans have a natural tendency for elation/optimism and positive self-consideration, that are more akin to mania; the depressive state could be a consequence of frustrated or unsustainable mania. This would be consistent with PoM.

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“…There is an important distinction between natural and unnatural rewards. Natural rewards include satisfaction of physiological drives (like hunger and reproduction and exploratory locomotion), and unnatural rewards are learned and involve satisfaction of acquired drives [ 39 ]. Acquired drives involve hedonic sensations and pleasure derived from alcohol, other drugs, as well as, from gambling and other risk-taking behaviors [ 2 , 3 , 36 ].…”

Section: Why Activate Dopamine?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program & Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery

Blum¹,

Thompson

Demotrovics

et al. 2015

J Reward Defic Syndr

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There are some who suggest that alcoholism and drug abuse are not diseases at all and that they are not consequences of a brain disorder as espoused recently by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Some would argue that addicts can quit on their own and moderate their alcohol and drug intake. When they present to a treatment program or enter the 12 Step Program & Fellowship, many addicts finally achieve complete abstinence. However, when controlled drinking fails, there may be successful alternatives that fit particular groups of individuals. In this expert opinion, we attempt to identify personal differences in recovery, by clarifying the molecular neurobiological basis of each step of the 12 Step Program. We explore the impact that the molecular neurobiological basis of the 12 steps can have on Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) despite addiction risk gene polymorphisms. This exploration has already been accomplished in part by Blum and others in a 2013 Springer Neuroscience Brief. The purpose of this expert opinion is to briefly, outline the molecular neurobiological and genetic links, especially as they relate to the role of epigenetic changes that are possible in individuals who regularly attend AA meetings. It begs the question as to whether “12 steps programs and fellowship” does induce neuroplasticity and continued dopamine D2 receptor proliferation despite carrying hypodopaminergic type polymorphisms such as DRD2 A1 allele. “Like-minded” doctors of ASAM are cognizant that patients in treatment without the “psycho-social-spiritual trio,” may not be obtaining the important benefits afforded by adopting 12-step doctrines. Are we better off with coupling medical assisted treatment (MAT) that favors combining dopamine agonist modalities (DAM) as possible histone-deacetylase activators with the 12 steps followed by a program that embraces either one or the other? While there are many unanswered questions, at least we have reached a time when “science meets recovery,” and in doing so, can further redeem joy in recovery.

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Superiority illusion arises from resting-state brain networks modulated by dopamine

Cited by 35 publications

References 42 publications

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity

Neurobiological Evidence for the Primacy of Mania Hypothesis

The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program & Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery

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