Superior Wear Resistance in EBM-Processed TC4 Alloy Compared with SLM and Forged Samples

Zhang, Weiwen; Qin, Peiting; Wang, Zhi; Chao, Yang; Kollo, Lauri; Grzesiak, Dariusz; Prashanth, Konda Gokuldoss

doi:10.3390/ma12050782

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Compared to the conventional Ti6Al4V alloy, the EBM-fabricated materials show a unique microstructure and properties [33]. The EBM Ti6Al4V alloy showed better wear resistance than the conventional Ti6Al4V alloy, which correlates to their higher hardness and weaker delamination [34]. In addition, the microstructural features of EBM Ti6Al4V indicate lower machinability in comparison with conventional Ti6Al4V [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Effect of Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V Part Orientations during Milling

Dabwan

Anwar

Al-Samhan

et al. 2020

Metals

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The machining of the electron beam melting (EBM) produced parts is a challenging task because, upon machining, different part orientations (EBM layers’ orientations) produce different surface quality even when the same machining parameters are employed. In this paper, the EBM fabricated parts are machined in three possible orientations with regard to the tool feed direction, where the three orientations are “tool movement in a layer plane” (TILP), “tool movement perpendicular to layer planes” (TLP), and “tool movement parallel to layers planes” (TPLP). The influence of the feed rate, radial depth of cut, and cutting speed is studied on surface roughness, cutting force, micro-hardness, microstructure, chip morphology, and surface morphology of Ti6Al4V, while considering the EBM part orientations. It was found that different orientations have different effects on the machined surface during milling. The results show that the EBM parts can achieve good surface quality and surface integrity when milled along the TLP orientation. For instance, surface roughness (Sa) can be improved up to 29% when the milling tool is fed along the TLP orientation compared to the other orientations (TILP and TPLP). Furthermore, surface morphology significantly improves with lower micro-pits, redeposited chips, and feed marks in case of the TLP orientation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Effect of Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V Part Orientations during Milling

Dabwan

Anwar

Al-Samhan

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…Hence, SLM is considered to allow for a considerable reduction in fuel emissions, which confers the process of an outstanding ecological performance making it a green technology for the future [ 30 ]. The SLM process has already made a considerable impact in the manufacturing, automobile, aerospace, pharmaceutical, electronics, and sports sectors [ 31 , 32 ] because of its ability to produce a wide variety of materials (metals, alloys, cermets, composites) without any theoretical restrictions [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting of Aluminum and Its Alloys

et al. 2020

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The laser-based powder bed fusion (LBPF) process or commonly known as selective laser melting (SLM) has made significant progress since its inception. Initially, conventional materials like 316L, Ti6Al4V, and IN-718 were fabricated using the SLM process. However, it was inevitable to explore the possible fabrication of the second most popular structural material after Fe-based alloys/steel, the Al-based alloys by SLM. Al-based alloys exhibit some inherent difficulties due to the following factors: the presence of surface oxide layer, solidification cracking during melt cooling, high reflectivity from the surface, the high thermal conductivity of the metal, poor flowability of the powder, low melting temperature, etc. Researchers have overcome these difficulties to successfully fabricate the different Al-based alloys by SLM. However, there exists no review dealing with the fabrication of different Al-based alloys by SLM, their fabrication issues, microstructure, and their correlation with properties in detail. Hence, the present review attempts to introduce the SLM process followed by a detailed discussion about the processing parameters that form the core of the alloy development process. This is followed by the current research status on the processing of Al-based alloys and microstructure evaluation (including defects, internal stresses, etc.), which are dealt with on the basis of individual Al-based series. The mechanical properties of these alloys are discussed in detail followed by the other important properties like tribological properties, fatigue properties, etc. Lastly, an outlook is given at the end of this review.

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“…Finally, the EBM parts exhibit lower wear rate in contrast to the SLM ones. This might come from multiple (horizontal) cracking of the SLM sample giving rise to heavy delamination 4 . At the same time, the key advantages of the SLM process are (a) wider variety of built materials, (b) easier control of structure formation during the 3D printing, and (c) increased functionality and relatively low cost than the EBM 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving mechanical properties of wire‐based EBAM Ti‐6Al‐4V parts by adding TiC powders

Panin

Kazachenok

Sinyakova

et al. 2020

Mat Design & Process Comms

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This paper addresses the problem of enlarging the strength of Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium parts fabricated by wire‐based electron‐beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) technology. The investigations on microstructure and phase composition of wire‐based EBAM Ti‐6Al‐4V samples as well the as EBAM TiCx/Ti‐6Al‐4V ones fabricated by electron beam melting of titanium Ti‐6Al‐4V wire with simultaneous supply of TiC powder were performed. It is shown that adding of TiC powder into a molten pool significantly affects the microstructure and volume fraction of retained β phase in the EBAM‐built parts. The main conclusion made postulates that the combination of wire feeding–based EBAM and direct metal deposition technology, which utilizes a feed nozzle to supply the ceramic powder into a molten pool, provides an ample opportunity to produce EBAM TiCx/Ti‐6Al‐4V samples with increased microhardness and tensile strength.

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Superior Wear Resistance in EBM-Processed TC4 Alloy Compared with SLM and Forged Samples

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

On the Effect of Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V Part Orientations during Milling

On the Effect of Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V Part Orientations during Milling

Selective Laser Melting of Aluminum and Its Alloys

Improving mechanical properties of wire‐based EBAM Ti‐6Al‐4V parts by adding TiC powders

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