Superior vena cava syndrome due to a leiomyosarcoma of the anterior mediastinum: A case report and literature overview

Labarca, Eduardo; Zapico, A.; Rios, Billy; Martínez, Felipe; Santamarina, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.10.036

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Primary mediastinal sarcomas are mostly derived from mediastinal organs, such as the heart, esophagus, and the blood vessels. Only 7 cases of anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcomas have been reported [7-10]. Here, we report an extremely rare case of anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma in an 85-year-old female.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Anterior Mediastinal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Primary mediastinal sarcomas are extremely rare. Additionally, mediastinal leiomyosarcomas account for approximately 9% of mediastinal sarcoma cases. Until date, only few cases of anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcomas have been reported. Herein, we report a case of an 85-year-old female with an anterior mediastinal mass of 15 mm. Histological examination revealed spindle tumor cells showing a fascicular growth pattern. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were focal positive for desmin, calponin, and α-smooth muscle actin. The pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma. In conclusion, we encountered a case of a very rare leiomyosarcoma that occurred in the anterior mediastinum, and our report may contribute to the understanding of this disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Anterior Mediastinal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2021

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“…[ 4 , 7 , 11 , 15 ] When a leiomyosarcoma is located in the anterior mediastinum, the boundary of the lesion is clear and occasionally calcified. [ 4 – 6 , 14 , 16 ] It may surround the vena cava and form an embolism. [ 4 – 6 , 14 , 16 ] When the volume of tumor becomes large, it can protrude into 1 side of the pleural cavity, and effusion can occur in the pleura.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4 – 6 , 14 , 16 ] It may surround the vena cava and form an embolism. [ 4 – 6 , 14 , 16 ] When the volume of tumor becomes large, it can protrude into 1 side of the pleural cavity, and effusion can occur in the pleura. [ 5 , 6 , 16 ] The tumor can show heterogeneous enhancement because of bleeding, necrosis, and a heterogeneous texture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 2 , 4 , 6 , 16 ] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination may allow a clear diagnosis of paraneoplastic thrombosis. [ 14 ] When a leiomyosarcoma is located in the visceral mediastinum, it is related to the tumor originating from the mediastinal great vessels. [ 8 ] A visceral mediastinal leiomyosarcoma can infiltrate the adjacent pulmonary hilum, pulmonary vein, and left atrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma mimicking thymoma

2018

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Rationale:Mediastinal leiomyosarcoma is very rare. In this paper, we report one case of anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma and retrospectively review the imaging findings of previously reported cases.Patient Concerns:A 61-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to the presence of a mediastinal space-occupying lesion for two years. Two years previously, chest computed tomography (CT) showed a small nodule in the anterior mediastinum. Twenty days previously, the CT examination was repeated at the local hospital due to respiratory symptoms, which showed a mass in the anterior mediastinum and interstitial inflammation of both lungs. After admission to our hospital, chest contrast-enhanced CT scanning showed a mass in the right anterior mediastinum that was approximately 3.3 × 5.2 cm2 in size that had a clear boundary, slightly heterogeneous internal density and heterogeneous enhancement.Interventions:The patient underwent a mediastinal lump resection.Diagnoses:Finally, the pathological diagnosis was anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma.Outcomes:The patient recovered well after the operation.Lessons:Accidental discovery of anterior mediastinal nodules should be followed up. Mediastinal leiomyosarcoma is common in the posterior mediastinum. Imaging shows a heterogeneous mass with a space-occupying effect that may easily involve adjacent mediastinal vessels or infiltrate surrounding organs.

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“…Najčešće se javljaju u odrasloj dobi, ali opisan je i slučaj LM-a medijastinuma dječaka u dobi od jedne i pol godine 21 . LMS-i čine manje od 2 % svih malignih tumora medijastinuma 18 . Medijastinalni LMS-i čine oko 1,4 % svih sarkoma mekih tkiva i oko 11 % primarnih medijastinalnih sarkoma 20 .…”

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Mediastinal smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: case report and literature review

Flego¹,

Volarić

Matušan-Ilijaš

et al. 2019

Med flum

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Sažetak. Cilj: glatkomišićni tumori su lejomiomi i lejomiosarkomi. Postoji rijetka skupina, u kojoj se biološki potencijal tumora ne može utvrditi; to su glatkomišićni tumori nepoznatog malignog potencijala. Cilj je prikazati pacijenta s takvim tumorom, koji je nastao iz glatkog mišićnog tkiva medijastinuma. Prikaz slučaja: 48-godišnji muškarac, subfebrilan, bolovi u grudnom košu sa širenjem u leđa. Kompjutorizirana tomografija toraksa pokazala je oštro ograničenu cističnu tvorbu stražnjeg medijastinuma. Ezofagogastroduodenoskopija je otkrila u srednjoj trećini jednjaka pritisak izvana, a rendgen pasaža jednjaka jednjak lučno potisnut izvana prema desno i ventralno. Bronhoskopijom je utvrđeno da je membranozni dio lijevog glavnog bronha blago ekstramuralno komprimiran. Učinjen je kirurški zahvat, torakotomija lijevo i potpuno odstranjenje tumora medijastinuma. Patohistološki nalaz pokazao je područje nekroze, tumorsko tkivo građeno od vretenastih stanica, koje pokazuju blagu polimorfiju. Imunohistokemijska analiza tumora bila je pozitivna na glatkomišićni aktin (SMA) i dezmin, a negativna na S100 i CD34, što potvrđuje podrijetlo tumora iz glatkomišićnih stanica. Dodatna imunohistokemijska analiza utvrdila je da proliferacijski biljeg Ki-67 iznosi 5,9 %, a p16 je pozitivan u više od 50 % tumorskih stanica. Zaključni patološki nalaz je glatkomišićni tumor nepoznatog malignog potencijala. Pacijent je praćen 48 mjeseci nakon operacije, bez recidiva tumora ili znakova metastaza. Zaključak: Patohistološka dijagnoza može biti otežana, općenito, ali posebno u rijetkim novotvorevinama. Prikazani slučaj pokazuje da ponekad nije moguće utvrditi radi li se o benignom ili malignom glatkomišićnom tumoru. Tada se postavlja dijagnoza glatkomišićnog tumora nepoznatog malignog potencijala, ovdje smještenog u medijastinumu. Nakon kirurškog odstranjenja neoplazme potrebno je redovito pratiti pacijenta, kako bi se utvrdio recidiv bolesti i provelo dodatno liječenje. Abstract. Aim: Smooth muscle tumors are divided into leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas.The aim is to present a patient with a rare tumor called smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential. Case report: The reported patient was a 48-year-old male, subfebrile, with chest pain. Chest computed tomography showed a sharply limited cystic formation of the posterior mediastinum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed outside compression in the middle third of the esophagus, and X-ray of the esophageal passage showed that the esophagus was pressed from the outside to the right and ventral. Bronchoscopy determined that the membranous part of the left main bronchus was slightly extramurally compressed. A left thoracotomy and an extirpation of the mediastinal tumor were performed. In pathohistology area of necrosis and tumor tissue composed of spindle cells were identified, which showed mild polymorphia. Immunohistochemical findings included positive smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin markers, negative S100 and CD34 markers, Ki-67 was 5.9%, and p16 was positive in more than 50% ...

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Superior vena cava syndrome due to a leiomyosarcoma of the anterior mediastinum: A case report and literature overview

Abstract: HighlightsLeiomyosarcomas are rare causes of superior vena cava syndrome.Surgery is the treatment of choice.Specific approaches depend on the neoplasm's size and invasion of neighbouring tissues.

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Anterior Mediastinal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Anterior Mediastinal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma mimicking thymoma

Mediastinal smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: case report and literature review

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