Superior oblique myokymia, a review

Tandon, Anika; Oliveira, Cristiano Aguiar de

doi:10.1097/icu.0000000000000619

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Significantly, there has been one case reported of SOM supposedly transitioning to ONM [1]. Although the cause of SOM is similarly unclear, successful treatment with carbamazepine indicates a shared mechanism of ephaptic transmission, likely from damage to the trochlear nerve [47]. Treatment can also include topical beta blockers, systemic medical therapy, or superior oblique tenectomy with inferior oblique myectomy [47].…”

Section: Differential Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular neuromyotonia: a review of diagnosis and treatment

Lee

2022

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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Purpose of reviewThe current review will cover the clinical presentation, causes, epidemiology, differential diagnoses, workup, and treatment of ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) in detail.Recent findingsWhile ONM largely remains a unilateral eye movement disease affecting adults with a history of sellar radiation, recent case reports highlight an expansion of this presentation to include bilateral, pediatric, and congenital cases.SummaryONM is a rare but recognizable ocular motility disorder involving sustained contraction of the extraocular muscle, commonly resulting in intermittent diplopia. Diagnosis of ONM relies upon a thorough history and clinical exam, with particular attention to history of radiotherapy and eccentric gaze testing. Treatment with carbamazepine remains first-line therapy, although other membrane stabilizing agents and surgical interventions can be effective.

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Section: Differential Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular neuromyotonia: a review of diagnosis and treatment

Lee

2022

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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“…(7) Surgical management of SOP is challenging, and various surgical methods have been described to tackle SOP, which can involve operating on the ipsilateral oblique muscles, as well as ipsilateral and/or contralateral vertical rectus muscles. (8,9) In this study, we explore the presenting symptoms, clinical features, and management of 1057 consecutive patients with superior oblique palsy who were examined and treated in the strabismus clinic of Farabi eye hospital. To the best of authors' knowledge, the present study has the largest sample size among previously published articles about patients with superior oblique palsy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Approach in 1057 Patients

Masoomian

Akbari

Mohammed

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background To evaluate the clinical findings of patients with SOP who underwent surgery. Methods This historical cohort study was performed on 1057 SOP patients managed with surgery in Farabi Hospital, Iran, from 2011 to 2022. Results Unilateral SOP was found in 990 (93.7%) patients with a mean age of 21.8 ± 14.8 years [715 (72.2%) congenital and 275 (27.8%) acquired (P < .001)]. Bilateral SOP was diagnosed in 67 (6.3%) patients with a mean age of 19.4 ± 15.6 years, in which 18 (27%) cases had masked type. The mean angle of vertical deviation in primary position at far in unilateral and bilateral cases was 15.6 ± 8.3 and 13.3 ± 9.1 △, respectively (P < .001). In unilateral cases, abnormal head posture (AHP) was detected in 847 (85.5%) patients and 12 (1.2%) had paradoxical AHP. Amblyopia was found in 89 (9.9%) unilateral and 7 (10.3%) bilateral cases. Solitary inferior oblique myectomy, was the most common surgery in both unilateral (n = 756, 77.1%) and bilateral (n = 35, 52.2%) patients. The second surgery was performed for 84 (8.6%) unilateral and 33 (49.3%) bilateral cases (P < .001). The prevalence of amblyopia and the mean angle of horizontal deviation were significantly higher in patients who needed more than one surgery (all P < .05). Conclusion Congenital SOP was more than twice as frequent as acquired SOP and about 90% of unilateral and 50% of bilateral cases were managed with one surgery. Amblyopia and significant horizontal deviation were the most important factors for reoperation. Trial registration: The Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1400.012) and this study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and HIPAA.

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Central Eye Movement Disorders

Weber

Hálmagyi

2022

Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Superior oblique myokymia, a review

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Ocular neuromyotonia: a review of diagnosis and treatment

Ocular neuromyotonia: a review of diagnosis and treatment

Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Approach in 1057 Patients

Central Eye Movement Disorders

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