Superior hypoglycemic activity of mulberry lacking monosaccharides is accompanied by better activation of the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways

Long, Xiaoshan; Wen, Peng; Zou, Yonggen; Liu, Fan; Shen, Weizhi; Hu, Teng‐Gen

doi:10.1039/d0fo00427h

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Li et al studied the sugar‐reducing rate of different microorganisms of mulberry, and the result verified that the degradation rate of fructose and glucose was 86.49% and 66.12% respectively after fermentation by lactobacillus (Li et al., 2017). In our previous study (Long et al., 2020), we have confirmed that the fermented mulberry plays the better hypoglycemic effect than the unfermented mulberry in T2DM mice, which may be related to the change of bioactive substance content. After mulberry fermentation, the content of anthocyanins decreased, the content of 1‐deoxyricogen increased significantly, and the content of polyphenols and flavonoids remained unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…In our previous study (Long et al, 2020), we have confirmed that the fermented mulberry plays the better hypoglycemic effect than the unfermented mulberry in T2DM mice, which may be related to the change of bioactive substance content. After mulberry fermentation, the content of anthocyanins decreased, the content of 1-deoxyricogen increased significantly, and the content of polyphenols and flavonoids remained unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The diabetic mice were randomly allocated to four groups: a diabetic model group (DM group, n = 12), a positive control group (PC group, n = 12, which were administered acarbose), and a DFMS‐treated group ( n = 12). According to our previous study, the dose of DFMS administered by gavage was 2.26 g/(kg·bw)/day, equivalent to mulberry dose of 230 mg/(kg·bw)/day (mulberry was the main material in DFMS) (Long et al., 2020). All the groups underwent gavage once daily for 5 weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hypoglycemic effect of freeze‐dried fermented mulberry mixed with soybean on type 2 diabetes mellitus

Long

Pang

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Mulberry has significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an auxiliary food for people with type 2 diabetes. However, it is rich in carbohydrate and cannot be consumed directly by diabetic patients. In the study, we fermented the mulberry to reduce the content of glucose and fructose, and added the soybean to reduce the loss of probiotics during fermentation and then determined its hypoglycemic effect. We induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice by streptozotocin and measured its blood glucose, serum biochemistry, hepatic and pancreatic histopathology, and the diversity of the gut microbiota. After 5 weeks of oral DFMS administration, the glucose tolerance was improved significantly in T2DM mice. Furthermore, there were also significant increases in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione concentration, and marked reductions in the concentrations of malondialdehyde and free fatty acids. Moreover, DFMS also prevented histopathological changes and the increases in the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. DFMS treatment also markedly increased the richness of the gut microbial community. The abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, and those of Proteobacteria, Escherichia‐Shigella, and Lactobacillus were reduced. In summary, DFMS has a clear hypoglycemic effect in mice with T2DM.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hypoglycemic effect of freeze‐dried fermented mulberry mixed with soybean on type 2 diabetes mellitus

Long

Pang

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…FAK may activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and induce cellular mobility, migration and invasion [ 36 ]. Previous studies have confirmed that PI3K may induce the phosphorylation of the serine residues 308 and 473 of Akt [ 37 , 38 ]. Phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) can phosphorylate GSK3β and inhibit its kinase activity, leading to the inactivation of GSK3β [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

ARHGAP10 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer by inactivating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway

et al. 2021

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Background Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (ARHGAP10) has been implicated as an essential element in multiple cellular process, including cell migration, adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamic reorganization. However, the correlation of ARHGAP10 expression with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells is unclear and remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the trait of ARHGAP10 and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathological process. Methods Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the expression of ARHGAP10 in NSCLC tissues. CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays, scratch assays were applied to assess cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The expression levels of EMT biomarkers and active molecules involved in PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway were examined through immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results ARHGAP10 was detected to be lower expression in NSCLC tissues compared with normal tissues from individuals. Moreover, overexpression of ARHGAP10 inhibited migratory and invasive potentials of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. In addition, ARHGAP10 directly mediated the process of EMT via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. Meanwhile, activation of the signaling pathway of insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) reversed ARHGAP10 overexpression regulated EMT in NSCLC cells. Conclusion ARHGAP10 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in NSCLC via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, suggesting agonist of ARHGAP10 may be an optional remedy for NSCLC patients than traditional opioids.

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“…It has been reported that there is decreased HK and PK activity in diabetic animals. 58,65 Herein, the contents of hepatic HK and PK were decreased in the diabetic mice, while they were increased slightly in the mice treated with the EN formulas. This result confirmed that the EN formulas could directly or indirectly affect hepatic enzyme activity, and soy protein had a greater impact than whey protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nutritional Effects of the Enteral Nutritional Formula on Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice

Wei¹,

Jia²,

Xue³

et al. 2021

DMSO

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Purpose Due to the adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs, nowadays, nutraceuticals have been of much interest to investigators. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the potential effects of enteral nutritional (EN) formulas on the gut microbiota and metabolic regulation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and compare the differences between whey protein and soy protein. Methods EN formulas made of whey protein or soy protein were administered for five weeks and then mice tissue samples were obtained to examine the metabolic parameters and histopathology of the pancreas, liver, jejunum and colon. 16S rRNA V3-V4 region gene sequencing was used to analyze the changes in the gut microbiota. Results After the five-week intervention, the alpha diversity had recovered slightly, and the soy protein group (SPG) achieved a better effect than the whey protein group (LPG). The overall composition of gut microbiota was regulated. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and TM7 had raised significantly and the abundance of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres had declined after treatment, with no significant difference between the LPG and SPG. The types of beneficial bacteria were increased at the genus and species level. The level of hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) had significantly recovered and inhibited the level of α-glucosidase. In addition, the EN formulas treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory factor (TNF-α) in liver and muscle. The level of glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT-2) levels in the liver and intestine also significantly increased. Moreover, the metabolism regulation of the SPG was better than that of the LPG. The EN formulas treatment improved the pancreas, liver, jejunum and colon histology. Conclusion The EN formulas regulated the overall structure of the gut microbiota and improved the metabolic level in streptozotocin/high-fat diet (STZ/HFD) diabetic mice. Therefore, EN formula may potentially become an effective nutritional adjunctive therapy for T2DM.

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Superior hypoglycemic activity of mulberry lacking monosaccharides is accompanied by better activation of the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways

Abstract: Mulberry removed monosaccharides (FM) displayed better hypoglycemic activity than untreated mulberry (MP), which may be attributed the stronger effects of FM on activating PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways.

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

The hypoglycemic effect of freeze‐dried fermented mulberry mixed with soybean on type 2 diabetes mellitus

The hypoglycemic effect of freeze‐dried fermented mulberry mixed with soybean on type 2 diabetes mellitus

ARHGAP10 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer by inactivating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway

Nutritional Effects of the Enteral Nutritional Formula on Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice

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