Superior field emission and alternating current conduction mechanisms for grains and grain boundaries in an NiO-[CdO]2 nanocomposite

Karmakar, Subrata; Raviteja, B.; Mistari, Chetan D.; Parey, Vanshree; Thapa, Ranjit; More, Mahendra A.; Behera, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109462

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The high field region gives a more accurate value and the non-linearity in the F−N plot is the direct consequence of the wide band semiconducting nature of diamond due to an inherently limited number of charge carriers and surface states present in the CB. 52 Stable field emission current over a long time determines the practical applications of a field emitter. Figure 6d represents the field emission current stability of the diamond field emitter at a preset value of 50 μA over 4 h for a sampling time interval of 10 s. It exhibits very good current stability with a small current fluctuation ±24% of the average value.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular Diamond as an Efficient Electron Field Emitter

Karmakar

Sarkar

Mistari

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Herein, we present a straightforward and cost-effective procedure for producing conductive diamond tubes on the surface of porous carbon nanotube hollow fibers using successive 10-pulsed laser annealing shots and 6 h of hot filament chemical vapor deposition techniques. Room-temperature Raman and X-ray diffraction spectra reveal the signature T2g peaks near 1332.4 cm–1 and 111 planes of diamonds near 43.9°, respectively. A low turn-on field (E TO) ∼1.85 V/μm@1 μA/cm2 and a threshold field (E TH) ∼2.54 V/μm@10 μA/cm2 were observed for the tubular diamond structures. The field enhancement factor (β) was calculated at 3594 and highly stable field emission current stability was observed over a long period of 4 h. For the first time, a good insight into the field emission results of the diamond is established with the structural, electronic properties, and the work function (φ) ∼4.84 eV analysis conducted by the density functional theory simulation. Finite electronic states at the Fermi level are observed beyond a band gap, and it demonstrates the wide-band gap (4.4 eV) semiconducting nature of the diamond. The Bader charge analysis and maximum entropy method pattern revealed the negative electron affinity of the diamond, and it is responsible for the emission of electrons from the conduction band of the diamond. Besides, the accumulation of charge carriers, which contributes to the electric field emission, takes place due to the weak π bonds of carbon atoms. The low turn-on field, the high field enhancement factor, and the good field emission current stability of tubular diamond offer great prospects for future efficient and low-cost field emission devices.

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Section: ■ Experimental Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular Diamond as an Efficient Electron Field Emitter

Karmakar

Sarkar

Mistari

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…The turn-on ( E turn‑on ) and threshold ( E threshold ) field, which is defined as the voltage required to draw the field emission current density 1 and 10 μA/cm 2 , were found to be 10.5 and 15.3 V/μm, respectively. The F–N plot (ln J / E 2 vs 1/ E ) for the NdNiO 3 field emitter is displayed in Figure c, and the field enhancement factor (β) was calculated by The term m represents the slope of straight-line fitting of the F–N plot in both low and high field regions. The field enhancement factor (β) is calculated as ∼1230, considering the theoretical work function (Φ) ∼5.44 eV from the DFT study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The F–N plots show a non-linear characteristic (nearly linear in low field region with step-like jumping in the high field region), which is the direct consequence of the semiconducting nature of NdNiO 3 with a low band gap. This type of non-linearity arises due to existence of surface states and the finite number of charge carriers intrinsically present in the conduction band …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of nonlinearity arises due to existence of surface states and the finite number of charge carriers intrinsically present in the conduction band. 62 Figure 6d represents good field emission current stability of NdNiO 3 at a preset value 10 μA of sampling time intervals of 10 s over a period of 3 h 20 min. Small spike-like fluctuations originate due to ion bombardment in the presence of high electrostatic field and adsorption/desorption of residual gas molecule from the environment.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Low-Temperature Spin-Canted Magnetism and Bipolaron Freezing Electrical Transition in Potential Electron Field Emitter NdNiO₃

Karmakar

Gavali

Mistari

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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The orthorhombic nanostructured NdNiO3 is prepared by the sol–gel auto-combustion method, and its temperature-dependent magnetic and electrical transport properties are studied. The electric field emission with density functional theory and current voltage characteristics are also investigated at room temperature. The low-temperature magnetic measurement (magnetization with field and temperature) shows that NdNiO3 undergoes a magnetic phase transition (T N) near 176 K from paramagnetic to spin-canted antiferromagnetic state. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χ) reinforced the signature of magnetic phase transition, and it is fitted by the modified Curie–Weiss law. A metal to insulator (MIT) phase transition (∼178 K) is observed above T N from temperature- and frequency-dependent conductivity measurement. It originates due to higher distortion of NiO6 octahedra and bandwidth constriction of NdNiO3 nanostructured compound. The variation of the frequency exponent (n) with temperature illustrates the continuous-time random walk conduction model with bipolaron condensation near MIT and the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling model above room temperature. The spin-resolved density of states calculation exhibits the room temperature paramagnetic phase and metallic nature and helps us to calculate local work function (Φ) ∼5.44 eV. Low turn-on field at 1 μA/cm2 ∼10.5 V/μm and high field emission current density 203 μA/cm2 at 21 V/μm are observed for layered NdNiO3 with a field enhancement factor (β) ∼1230, which promotes NdNiO3 as an efficient field emitter. The current–voltage characteristics of NdNiO3/p-Si heterostructures are also explored for future technological applications.

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“…In recent years, it has been found that the addition of inorganic particles in composite materials can effectively improve the breakdown field strength [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], suppress space charge [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and regulate carrier flow [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Praeger et al used propyl, octyl and octadecyl groups to treat the surface of SiO 2 and studied the effect of functional group chain length on polyethylene/silica nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductance Current and Space Charge Characteristics of SiO2/MMT/LDPE Micro-Nano Composites

et al. 2020

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Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the most comprehensive products used as insulation materials in power equipment. How to improve its dielectric properties by doping inorganic particles in LDPE has always been the focus of many researchers. In this paper, silica (SiO2) particles and montmorillonite (MMT) particles were added to LDPE, the order of adding particles was changed, and different micro-nano composites was made. The crystallization characteristics of composites were analyzed, the curves of the conductance current with the change of field intensity were analyzed, and the space charge distribution of each material were investigated. The results of crystallization show that the crystalline properties and crystallinity of the composites are higher than the matrix LDPE, the addition of SiO2 particles increases the composites’ crystallinity significantly, and the intercellular spacing of micro-nano composites is the smallest among all materials. The curve of conductance current versus electric field intensity shows that the tightness of the crystal structure can effectively hinder the movement of the molecular chain, inhibit carrier migration, while shortening the free travel of electrons, thereby reducing the electric conduction current of the material. The experimental results of the space charge accumulation curve further show that the compact crystal structure of the material is beneficial to the dissipation of space charge in the dielectric.

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Superior field emission and alternating current conduction mechanisms for grains and grain boundaries in an NiO-[CdO]2 nanocomposite

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Tubular Diamond as an Efficient Electron Field Emitter

Tubular Diamond as an Efficient Electron Field Emitter

Low-Temperature Spin-Canted Magnetism and Bipolaron Freezing Electrical Transition in Potential Electron Field Emitter NdNiO₃

Conductance Current and Space Charge Characteristics of SiO2/MMT/LDPE Micro-Nano Composites

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Superior field emission and alternating current conduction mechanisms for grains and grain boundaries in an NiO-[CdO]2 nanocomposite

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Tubular Diamond as an Efficient Electron Field Emitter

Tubular Diamond as an Efficient Electron Field Emitter

Low-Temperature Spin-Canted Magnetism and Bipolaron Freezing Electrical Transition in Potential Electron Field Emitter NdNiO3

Conductance Current and Space Charge Characteristics of SiO2/MMT/LDPE Micro-Nano Composites

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Product

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Low-Temperature Spin-Canted Magnetism and Bipolaron Freezing Electrical Transition in Potential Electron Field Emitter NdNiO₃