Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Abstract

The development of biomaterials for specific application with the desired function requires a careful combination of surface roughness, surface energy (and their polar and dispersion component), the presence of functional group, and the response of materials to the body fluid. The main constituent of body fluid is water; therefore, material response to water can be used to predict the behavior of the material implanted in the human body. Protein adsorption, cell and bacteria proliferation, alkaline phosphate activity, and so on are some of the assessments that are conducted during the in vitro studies on the materials, which depend on the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the material in order to provide first insight into the material response. These responses of the material further depend on surface roughness, surface energy and the presence of functional group on the surface. Hence, learning the wetting behavior of material is necessary for its engineering. Thus, to nurture the material behavior in the body environment, understanding of contact angle (CA), its dependence on various factors and fabrication of desired surface is extremely necessary. In this chapter, the basics of CA in contrast to natural phenomena present in the surrounding environment such as surfaces of lotus, rice and ramie leaves, correlations between the morphological

Identification of fungi isolated from banana rachis and characterization of their surface activity

“…The morphology and the chemistry of the surface can play an important role in superhydrophobic surfaces facilitating a contact angle >90° (Gupta et al . ).…”

“…Morphologically these fungi have a uniform growth on the slide; this uniformity could be attributable to accumulation of spores that form a coarse and homogeneous surface. The morphology and the chemistry of the surface can play an important role in superhydrophobic surfaces facilitating a contact angle >90° (Gupta et al 2015). Table S2 shows the contact angles of two points on the surface of the fungi: point of inoculation (centre) and point on the edge (different points on the radial growth of fungi).…”

“…The growing of hyphae presents a more filamentous growth. This morphological characteristic could not give the cell the ability to withstand the pressure of the weight of a drop of water, giving the hydrophilic characteristics (Gupta et al 2015). Further, these characteristics make it difficult to measure the contact angle.…”

Fabrication of Anti-Reflective Surface with Superhydrophobicity/High Oleophobicity and Enhanced Mechanical Durability via Nanosecond Laser Surface Texturing

“…To solve the problem, modification and enhancement of surface integrity and reliability of anti-reflective surfaces have always been of vital importance for the scientific community. The first key surface integrity that requires enhancement is surface wettability, which aims to render the surface superhydrophobicity/oleophobicity [ 7 ]. Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit a number of functionalities such as anti-icing, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and anti-adhesion, which ensures they can be applied in various types of extreme environments (e.g., weathers with acid rain and tendency of ice formation) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Optimizing a High-Entropy System: Software-Assisted Development of Highly Hydrophobic Surfaces using an Amphiphilic Polymer

“…The characteristic dimensions of the “surface morphology features” responsible for the roughness are determined by local packing and ordering, which are in turn determined by processing conditions and the size of the starting particles (fibers, in the case of papers). With low control over the size and spacing of features, maximizing WCA of such surfaces is difficult, and fluorination surface modification is often used, − although it is undesirable industrially because of adverse environmental effects. Manufacture of highly hydrophobic papers without the use of fluorine is a complex task but holds a high potential value.…”