Superhydrophobic paper fabricated via nanostructured titanium dioxide-functionalized wood cellulose fibers

Kim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

We investigate conducting characteristics of biochar derived from the pyrolysis of a paper at terahertz frequencies. Paper is annealed under temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 °C to modify structural and electrical properties. We experimentally observe that the terahertz conductivity increases above 102 S/m as the annealing temperature increases up to 800 °C. From structural characterization using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we confirm that more graphitic biochars are produced in high annealing temperature, in agreement with the improvement of terahertz conductivity. Our results show that biochar can be a highly promising candidate to be used in paper-based devices operating at terahertz frequencies.

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Biochar as a low-cost, eco-friendly, and electrically conductive material for terahertz applications

Kim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

“…To study the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of acidified, decayed newspapers and ancient books in the Republic of China before and after restoration, a video optical contact angle meter (OCA20, Dataphysics, Stuttgart, Germany) was employed to measure their static contact angles by sessile drop method [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The test details were as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Essential Role of Polymeric Adhesives in the Reinforcement of Acidified Paper Relics

et al. 2022

Paper acidification causes paper relics to undergo embrittlement and decay, to form dregs, and even to break upon a single touch; therefore, reinforcement and deacidification treatments are essential steps for paper conservation and to retard the deterioration and prolong the life of objects. Polymeric adhesives play an essential role in reinforcement and deacidification treatments, although it is not well studied. In this work, the effect of polymeric adhesives on the conservation process and their protective effects on acidified paper relics were studied. Firstly, three polymeric adhesives, including wheat starch paste, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were selected as research objects. Subsequently, their effects on four popular conservation methods were further discussed, including traditional mounting, hot-melt with silk net, alcohol-soluble cotton mesh, and water-soluble cotton mesh. Additionally, as an example, the reversibility and long-term durability of water-soluble adhesive PVA-217 were assessed. Using a computer measured and controlled folding endurance tester, pendulum tensile strength tester, tear tester, burst tester, FT-IR, video optical contact angle tester, and other instruments, the conservation application of water-soluble adhesives in paper relics was evaluated. This study provides a scientific basis and experimental data for the application of polymeric adhesives in the conservation of paper relics.

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

“…5(b) and 5(c). Common particles used are silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) (Han et al, 2018), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) (Zhang et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2017c), Iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) (Peng et al, 2016a;He et al, 2021), TiO 2 (Yang et al, 2019b;Wang et al, 2020b;Arumugam et al, 2021), AlOOH (Yue et al, 2018b) or Cu nanoparticles (Li et al, 2019c). These metal oxide nanoparticles increase the roughness and embody additional functions in the membrane.…”

Section: Principles and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various abrasion tests conducted with another cotton fabric, sandpaper for 30-600 scratch cycles at 50-260 g of weight applied (Zhou et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2015Huang et al, , 2019aWang et al, 2020b), finger wipes and knife scratches (Huang et al, 2019a), ultrasonication for 2 h, and laundering 30 times (Yang et al, 2019b) were conducted to evaluate the affinity of coated particles after physical damage. The resistance of the surface to UV irradiation was evaluated by exposure to UV light (ë = 254 nm) at a distance of 10 cm for 1-6 days (Wang et al, 2016a;Huang et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired cellulose-based membranes in oily wastewater treatment

Halim

Ernawati

Ismayati³

et al. 2021

It is challenging to purify oily wastewater, which affects water-energy-food production. One promising method is membrane-based separation. This paper reviews the current research trend of applying cellulose as a membrane material that mimics one of three typical biostructures: superhydrophobic, underwater superoleophobic, and Janus surfaces. Nature has provided efficient and effective structures through the evolutionary process. This has inspired many researchers to create technologies that mimic nature’s structures or the fabrication process. Lotus leaves, fish scales, and Namib beetles are three representative structures with distinct functional and surface properties: superhydrophobic, underwater superoleophobic, and Janus surfaces. The characteristics of these structures have been widely studied and applied to membrane materials to improve their performance. One attractive membrane material is cellulose, whichhas been studied from the perspective of its biodegradability and sustainability. In this review, the principles, mechanisms, fabrication processes, and membrane performances are summarized and compared. The theory of wettability is also described to build a comprehensive understanding of the concept. Finally, future outlook is discussed to challenge the gap between laboratory and industrial applications.