Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymers for separation and adsorption

Abstract

Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymers show good selectivity, fast adsorption kinetics, excellent recyclability and absorbencies for a wide range of organic solvents and oils, which make them the promising candidates for potential applications, including liquid-liquid separation, water treatment and so on.Superhydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle (CA) larger than 150 ) have generated extensive commercial and academic interest. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In recent years, there has been an increased interest in generation and utilization of the surface superhydrophobicity of a solid for direct separation or selective adsorption of oil or hydrophobic organic solvents from water. The first example for oil-water separation by using superhydrophobic and superoleophilic coating mesh has been reported by Jiang et al. 8 Along this line, more recently, the creation of nanometre-or micrometre-sized porous materials with excellent surface superhydrophobicity has been reported and successfully used for separation and adsorption of oils or organic solvents from water. For example, Yuan et al. reported the selective adsorption of oil from water by a superwetting nanowire membrane. 9 Similar selective adsorption performance has also been reported by Zhang et al. using superhydrophobic nanoporous polydivinylbenzene. 10 Due to their excellent selective adsorption performance, fast adsorption kinetics, good working capacity and recyclable use performance, these materials have great advantages over those traditional absorbent materials such as active carbons, 11,12 which suffer from a number of drawbacks, including slow adsorption kinetics, poor selectivity and limited working capacity. Owing to the global scale of severe water pollution arising from oil spills and industrial organic pollutants, the creation of efficient absorbent materials for separation and removal of oils or organic pollutants from water should be of great importance to address environmental issues. Broader contextOwing to the global scale of severe water pollution arising from oil spills and industrial organic pollutants, the creation of efficient absorbent materials for separation and removal of oils or organic pollutants from water should be of great importance to address environmental issues. Here we report for the first time the surface superhydrophobicity of the conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) as well as their excellent adsorption performance for oils and organic solvents. Due to their open pore structures and excellent surface superhydrophobicity, oils or non-polar organic solvents can be easily absorbed and separated from water by the CMP without adsorption of water. The CMP also show excellent adsorption performance for those polar organic solvents and toxic organic solvents with the absorbencies ranging approximately from 700 wt% to 1500 wt% for the HCMP-1 and 600 wt% to 2300 wt% for the HCMP-2, respectively. By loading the CMP, the hydrophilic sponge can be changed to be oleophilic to oil. With a loading of 7.0 mg cm À3 of the HCMP-1 ...

A review: methane capture by nanoporous carbon materials for automobiles

“…Furthermore, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been of interest because of their porous structures with organic functionalities, for such applications as gas storage, capture, and separation [61][62][63][64]. In particular, the committee of CMPs offers novel materials capable of CH 4 storage and their properties can be reduced effectively.…”

The superhydrophobicity of polymer surfaces: Recent developments

“…These effects were initially shown on coated surfaces or porous materials [74][75][76][77] with fibrous mats showing water or oil sorbtive properties depending upon surface chemistry 78 but more recently the use of microporous conjugated polymers has been shown to allow the absorption of large volumes of nonpolar liquid in macro and micropores of a low mass sponge. 79, 80 Another approach has been to use polyelectrolytes with large ions and hydrocarbon side chains to allow the polarity of the solvent that will cause maximum swelling to be varied over a wide range. 81,82 Complex Geometries and Superoleophobicity The shape of the roughness is of great importance under certain circumstances.…”

Coating sponge with a hydrophobic porous coordination polymer containing a low-energy CF3-decorated surface for continuous pumping recovery of an oil spill from water

“…3,4 Thus far, various porous sorbents, such as resins, gels, carbon-based sponges/ solids and diverse polymeric materials, have been explored. [5][6][7][8] Previous studies have excessively focused on the oil sorption capacity, and the spilled oil has been recovered mainly via distillation and squeezing, [9][10][11][12] which are time-consuming, tedious and energydemanding and are thus seriously restricted in their practical application.…”