“…In addition, several antibacterial therapies using biopolymeric, polymeric scaffolds (Lemnaru (Popa) et al., 2020 ; Zarayneh et al., 2018 ; Lu et al., 2018 ) and other biological antibacterial strategies (Sunderland et al., 2017 ; Jasim et al., 2018 ; Shahraki & Mirsaeidi, 2021 ) have been developed. Compared with the reported mediums for the fabrication of antibacterial system, polydopamine (pDA), which can self-polymerize on the variable solid surface under suitable conditions (Weng et al., 2015 ; Ryu et al., 2018 ), has emerged as an effective tool for biomolecular immobilization (Bai et al., 2020 ; Fu et al., 2021 ), metal deposition (Li et al., 2020 ), and metal oxide entrapment (Xian et al., 2020 ) for biomedical applications including disinfection due to integrated activity. However, most of the applications of pDA coating are based on the application of residual –NH 2 or –OH for the covalent conjugate (Kwon & Bettinger, 2018 ; Qi et al., 2019 ; Jin et al., 2020 ).…”