“…Generally, the three major medical imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [31], computed tomography (CT) [32], and ultrasound (US) [33,34] have been adapted for screening the carotid artery [35]. Among these, B-mode carotid US offers several advantages such as small footprint, economic, superior ergonomics, easy access via neck window, and ability to produce high-resolution images (due to compound and harmonic image reconstruction) [36,37]. These imaging modalities can be used for extracting carotid ultrasound image-based phenotypes (CUSIP), such as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), intima-media thickness variability (IMTV), maximum plaque height (MPH) [38], total plaque area (TPA) derived from common carotid artery or carotid bulb [39][40][41], which can be used for CVD risk computation [42][43][44][45][46].…”