Supergene nonsulfide Zn–Pb mineralization in the Mehdiabad world-class sub-seafloor replacement SEDEX-type deposit, Iran

Maghfouri, Sajjad; Hosseinzadeh, Mahnaz; Choulet, Flavien

doi:10.1007/s00531-020-01916-7

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This variation suggests a metal zoning pattern reflecting the migration of mineralization away from feeders within faults through permeable stratabound host horizons (Wilkinson 2014). Also, there are some sea-floor replacements with Zn-Pb and Cu-Ag association (Maghfouri et al 2020, Maghfouri and Hosseinzadeh 2018, Maghfouri et al 2019, Yesares et al 2022). However, Gortdrum remains the only orebody mined in the Irish Midlands primarily for Cu, with Hg and Ag as by-products, but no significant Zn and Pb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbonate-hosted Gortdrum Cu-Ag(±Sb-Hg) deposit, SW Ireland: C-O-Sr-Nd isotopes and whole-rock geochemical signatures

Cordeiro

Santos

Steed

et al. 2023

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbonate-hosted Gortdrum Cu-Ag(±Sb-Hg) deposit, SW Ireland: C-O-Sr-Nd isotopes and whole-rock geochemical signatures

Cordeiro

Santos

Steed

et al. 2023

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…2). Those in the YAMB include many world-class Pb-Zn deposits, such as the Mehdiabad Zn-Pb-Ba-(Cu-Ag) deposit (45.2 Mt oxide @ 7.15% Zn and 2.47% Pb) and 116.5 Mt sulphide (7.3% Zn and 2.3% Pb) (Maghfouri et al 2019(Maghfouri et al , 2020a. The Yazd block encompasses major Zn-Pb deposits including the Nakhlak Pb-(Ag) (Jazi et al 2017), Darreh-Zanjir Zn-Pb (Maghfouri & Choulet, 2021), Mansourabad-Farahabad Zn-Pb-(Ag) (Maghfouri & Hosseinzadeh, 2018;Maghfouri et al 2020b), Hovzesefid and Anjireh Zn-Pb (Rajabi et al 2012) and Chahmileh Pb-Zn deposits (Technoexport, report, 1984) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those in the YAMB include many world-class Pb–Zn deposits, such as the Mehdiabad Zn–Pb–Ba–(Cu–Ag) deposit (45.2 Mt oxide @ 7.15% Zn and 2.47% Pb) and 116.5 Mt sulphide (7.3% Zn and 2.3% Pb) (Maghfouri et al . 2019, 2020a, 2021). The Yazd block encompasses major Zn-Pb deposits including the Nakhlak Pb–(Ag) (Jazi et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, fluid inclusions and C−O−S−Pb isotopic compositions of the Chahmileh Pb-Zn deposit, Central Iran: Implications for ore genesis

Mehrabi,

Chaghaneh,

Tale Fazel

et al. 2023

Geol. Mag.

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The Chahmileh Pb–Zn deposit, located northwest of the Central Iran Zone, is a sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposit in the ‘Yazd-Anarak Metallogenic Belt’. It is hosted in Middle Triassic carbonate rocks and is mainly controlled by NW-trending faults. The main ore minerals are galena and sphalerite with minor chalcopyrite, pyrite, and quartz, dolomite, along with minor calcite and baryte as gangue minerals. Cerussite, hemimorphite, wulfenite, mimetite, smithsonite, malachite and iron oxy-hydroxides are the main non-sulphide ore minerals. The main styles of mineralization are vein-veinlet, breccia, disseminated and replacement in association with silicification and dolomitization. Microthermometry of fluid inclusions in dolomite and quartz indicates that the ore precipitated from a warm to hot basin-derived saline fluid. Dolomite samples have δ13CVPDB and δ18OVSMOW values of −0.99 to +1.99‰ and +20.74 to +25.48‰, respectively, and are plotted in the marine carbonate rocks field. These isotopic values suggest that CO2 in the hydrothermal fluids mainly originated from marine carbonate rock. The δ34S values range from +6.3 to +8.2‰ for galena, +5.9 to +6.2‰ for sphalerite, +1.4 to +3.4‰ for chalcopyrite and +15.0 to +17.4‰ for bayite are compatible with a predominant thermochemical sulphate reduction process, and with sulphur sourced from Triassic seawater. Galena samples have a homogeneous Pb isotopic composition that is indicative of a continental crustal reservoir as the main source of lead and probably for the other ore metals. Based on geology, mineralogy, texture and fluid characteristics, the Chahmileh deposit is classified as a carbonate-hosted Mississippi Valley-type deposit.

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“…The less radiogenic lead signature at la Troya is compatible with an Upper Cretaceous age, but this would imply an anomalously radiogenic source area for Reocín, or a younger age despite the similarity of the deposits.The Mesozoic of Iran is host to multiple carbonate-hosted zinclead deposits, many in Aptian-Albian (Lower Cretaceous) platform carbonates, and mostly described as MVT deposits. Mehdi Abad is the largest deposit with a reported 'global resource' of about 218 Mt at 7.2% Zn, 2.3% Pb, and 51 g/t Ag(Magfouri et al, 2016), hosted in platform carbonates deposited on the Yazd block of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. The platform was tectonically unstable with syn-sedimentary faulting and sub-basins with deep water carbonate and clastic deposition, accompanying oceanic rifting of the Sistan-Sabzevar ocean to the north in a broadly back-arc setting relative to the northward-subducting Neotethys to the south(Wilmsen et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Irish – Diversity of the diaspora

Reynolds,

Allen,

Muhling

et al. 2023

Irish-Type Zn-Pb Deposits Around the World

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The spectrum of zinc-lead deposits formed in basinal mineral systems encompasses VMS (volcanogenic massive sulphide), SHMS (shale-hosted massive sulphide), Irish-type and MVT (Mississippi valley Type) deposits. The platform carbonate-hosted part of that spectrum, the Irish-type and MVT deposits, has created the greatest challenges to pigeonholing approaches and the Irish Midland deposits have been variably considered as unique, “SedEx” variants, or MVT variants. In fact, the Irish-type spectrum of deposits can be considered as a global diaspora of diverse deposits that, nonetheless, show a number of distinct and economically significant characteristics in style and setting. For this reason, they warrant consideration as a discrete deposit type, though not in a neat pigeonhole, that is best considered in a mineralizing system context. The distinguishing features of Irish-type mineral systems can be considered in terms of source, trigger, pathway, trap, and preservation. The key features that distinguish Irish-type from ‘typical’ MVT and SHMS deposits are related to basin type and setting, timing of the mineralization event, mineralization style and chemistry, and deposit geometry. Empirically, these characteristic basin to deposit scale features overlap both MVT and SHMS but, together, are unique to Irish-type systems. This gives rise to criteria that can be applied to determine prospectivity of basins for Irish-type deposits and to target deposits within these basins. It is important to distinguish Irish-type from MVT systems because their economic characteristics are different. However, it is also important to recognise that there is great variability within the broad basinal carbonate-hosted zinc-lead deposit family and that each basin, and indeed each trend and deposit, are to some extent unique. It is therefore extremely important to avoid model-driven exploration and to develop a targeting understanding that acknowledges the model framework but is based on actual observations and data. To understand this diversity and targeting context, it is pertinent to consider the wide range of carbonate-hosted deposits that do not fit into the published MVT pigeonhole, including the Irish Midlands deposits; the Alpine deposits; deposits in the Basque-Cantabria Basin; deposits on the Gondwana margin including a number of deposits in North African,, southeast Turkey, Iran, and Duddar in Pakistan; the Early Cretaceous deposits on the Atlantic margin in Gabon; the Ordovician of the Sibumasu terrane (Tibet to Southeast Asia); Polaris in the Franklinian Basin; Nanisivik in the Borden Basin; and the Devonian Lennard Shelf deposits of Western Australia. All of these deposits occur in rift-sag basins with carbonate platforms, in some cases with multiple rift-sag cycles or with successor basins and, where constrained, the mineralization event is syn-basinal and typically related to early extension or inversion events. The deposits are stratabound and mostly tabular and continuous, often show strong direct control by extensional structures, are typically dominated by replacement, and commonly have significantly higher grades than ‘typical’ MVT deposits such as those in the mid-continent US, Silesia (Poland) and Pine Point (Canada).

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Supergene nonsulfide Zn–Pb mineralization in the Mehdiabad world-class sub-seafloor replacement SEDEX-type deposit, Iran

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

The carbonate-hosted Gortdrum Cu-Ag(±Sb-Hg) deposit, SW Ireland: C-O-Sr-Nd isotopes and whole-rock geochemical signatures

The carbonate-hosted Gortdrum Cu-Ag(±Sb-Hg) deposit, SW Ireland: C-O-Sr-Nd isotopes and whole-rock geochemical signatures

Geology, fluid inclusions and C−O−S−Pb isotopic compositions of the Chahmileh Pb-Zn deposit, Central Iran: Implications for ore genesis

Global Irish – Diversity of the diaspora

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