Supergauge transformations in four dimensions

Wess, Julius; Zumino, Bruno

doi:10.1016/0550-3213(74)90355-1

Cited by 2,383 publications

(1,609 citation statements)

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“…Remarkably, supersymmetry was not invented to explain any of the above physics. Supersymmetry was discovered as a beautiful property of string theories and was studied for its own sake in the early 1970s [32,33,34,35,36]. Only after several years of studying the theory did it become clear that supersymmetry solved the above problems, one by one.…”

Section: • Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (Ewsb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the irreducible representations of supersymmetry, the supermultiplets, contain both fermions and bosons. We will illustrate the basic ideas of constructing a supersymmetric interacting quantum field theory by presenting a review of the Wess-Zumino model [36]. The building blocks of this model are the fields {φ, ψ, F }, where φ and F are complex scalars and ψ is a spinor.…”

Section: A1 Renormalizable Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is summarized in the quantity µ diff L , which is the sum of chemical potentials over the three generations of the left-handed up and down quarks. The final equation describing the conversion of µ diff L into baryon number can be written as 36) in which Γ ws = 6kα 5 w T is the weak sphaleron rate in the unbroken phase (derived from Eq. (7.15)) and D ∼ 6/T .…”

Section: Basics Of Electroweak Baryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian: theory and applications

Chung

Everett

Kane³

et al. 2005

Physics Reports

415

339

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After an introduction recalling the theoretical motivation for low energy (100 GeV to TeV scale) supersymmetry, this review describes the theory and experimental implications of the soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian of the general minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Extensions to include neutrino masses and nonminimal theories are also discussed. Topics covered include models of supersymmetry breaking, phenomenological constraints from electroweak symmetry breaking, flavor/CP violation, collider searches, and cosmological constraints including dark matter and implications for baryogenesis and inflation.

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Section: • Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (Ewsb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A1 Renormalizable Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basics Of Electroweak Baryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian: theory and applications

Chung

Everett

Kane³

et al. 2005

Physics Reports

415

339

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show abstract

“…Supersymmetry (SUSY) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] is a space-time symmetry that postulates the existence of new SUSY particles, or sparticles, with spin (S) differing by one half-unit with respect to their standard model (SM) partners. In supersymmetric extensions of the SM, each SM fermion (boson) is associated with a SUSY boson (fermion), having the same quantum numbers as its partner except for S. The scalar superpartners of the SM fermions are called sfermions (comprising the sleptons,l, the sneutrinos,ν, and the squarks,q), while the gluons have fermionic superpartners called gluinos (g).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons ins=8 TeVppcollisions with the ATLAS detector

et al. 2014

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Results from a search for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons including electrons, muons and taus are presented. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to 20.3 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider at ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 8 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector.Signal regions are designed to target supersymmetric scenarios that can be either enriched in or depleted of events involving the production of a Z boson. No significant deviations are observed in data from standard model predictions and results are used to set upper limits on the event yields from processes beyond the standard model. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on the masses of relevant supersymmetric particles are obtained. In R-parity-violating simplified models with decays of the lightest supersymmetric particle to electrons and muons, limits of 1350 and 750 GeV are placed on gluino and chargino masses, respectively. In R-parity-conserving simplified models with heavy neutralinos decaying to a massless lightest supersymmetric particle, heavy neutralino masses up to 620 GeV are excluded. Limits are also placed on other supersymmetric scenarios.

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“…Even if you manage to get the symmetry to break, the extra particles are still there (just heavier) and cause various mischief. I briefly tried my hand at model-building when supersymmetry was first developed, mainly by Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino [1] in the mid-1970s, but after some simple attempts failed miserably I gave up.…”

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confidence: 99%

From 'not wrong' to (maybe right)

Wilczek

2004

Nature

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This is a short, light spirited account of how some possibly important science actually happened. It very much conflicts with Popper's contention that the key to scientific progress is falsification.Savas Dimopoulos is always enthusiastic about something, and in the spring of 1981 it was supersymmetry. He was visiting the new Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, which I had recently joined. We hit it off immediately -he was bursting with wild ideas, and I liked to stretch my mind by trying to take them seriously.Supersymmetry was (and is) a beautiful mathematical idea. It extends the symmetry of special relativity. Special relativity postulates the invariance of physical law under motion with a constant velocity. It thereby allows us to transform between objects with different speeds and to predict the properties of moving particles from those of stationary ones. Supersymmetry postulates the invariance of physical law under certain kinds of motion in a quantum-mechanical extension of space-time, superspace. Superspace has four extra quantum-mechanical dimensions, quite different from the familiar four dimensions of space and time. When a particle "moves" in the extra quantum dimensions it just acquires a tiny amount of angular momentum, or spin. So you wouldn't want to live in the new suburbs of superspace: it's very cramped, and makes you dizzy. But the mathematics of supersymmetry promised (and still promises) to help us unify fundamental physics: it allows us to transform between objects of different spin. Several different kinds of particles, differing in their spin, could be manifestations of a single entity moving at different speeds through superspace.The problem with applying supersymmetry is that it's too good for this world. We simply don't find particles of the sort it predicts. We don't, for example, see particles with the same charge and mass as electrons, but a different amount of spin. * This is, in essence, a solicited "Turning Points" feature written for Nature. It appeared, in a slightly abbreviated form, in the March 18 issue.

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Supergauge transformations in four dimensions

Cited by 2,383 publications

References 2 publications

The soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian: theory and applications

The soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian: theory and applications

Search for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons ins=8 TeVppcollisions with the ATLAS detector

From 'not wrong' to (maybe right)

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