“…Since then, investigations related to the F3 layer have become an activate topic in the ionospheric study. Many researches have investigated the formation of ionospheric F3 layer over the equatorial and low‐latitude region with regard to its diurnal, seasonal, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity variations at different locations (e.g., Balan et al., 2000, 1998, 2008, 2011, 2018; Batista et al., 2002, 2017; Chaitanya et al., 2013; Hsiao et al., 2001; Jenkins et al., 1997; Klimenko, Klimenko, et al., 2012, Klimenko, Zhao, et al., 2012; Lin, Richmond, Bailey, et al., 2009; Lin, Richmond, Liu et al., 2009; Lynn et al., 2000; Paznukhov et al., 2007; Rama Rao et al., 2005; Sreeja et al., 2009, 2010; Tardelli & Fagundes, 2015; Tardelli et al., 2016; Thampi et al., 2007; Uemoto et al., 2011, 2006, 2007; Venkatesh et al., 2019, 2020, 2017; Zain et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2005; Zhao, Wan, Reinisch, et al., 2011; Zhao, Wan, Yue, et al., 2011; Zhao et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2013). From those studies, the general characteristics about the F3 layer are summarized as follows: (a) F3 layer generally occurs during the daytime (08:00–17:00 LT) within about ±10° geomagnetic latitudes, and become much evident in 10:00–14:00 LT. (b) F3 layer is frequently occurred on the summer side of the geomagnetic equator, especially under the solar minimum condition.…”