Superficial thrombophlebitis (superficial venous thrombosis)

Nasr, H; Scriven, J. M.

doi:10.1136/bmj.h2039

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ischemic proctitis is mainly encountered in patients with significant atherosclerotic and cardiac risk factors who present with rectal bleeding in the setting of hemodynamic instability ( 17 , 19 , 20 ). In contrast, thrombophlebitis is thought to occur mainly in patients with a background of thrombophilia ( 21 ). In the present case, the patient had a history of protein C deficiency; therefore, we diagnosed him with acute anorectal thrombophlebitis due to thrombogenesis in the anorectal vascular plexus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Anorectal Thrombophlebitis Caused by a Protein C Deficiency

et al. 2018

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A 46-year-old man visited the emergency department of our hospital with a 3-day history of anal pain, hemorrhaging, and a slight fever. He had previously been diagnosed with protein C deficiency and was prescribed dabigatran, a direct oral anticoagulant. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed severe rectal wall thickening with partial defect of enhancement. In addition, sigmoidoscopy revealed a dusky purplish swollen anorectal mucosa just above the dentate line. He was diagnosed with acute anorectal thrombophlebitis, and anticoagulant therapy with heparin was initiated. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of acute anorectal thrombophlebitis caused by protein C deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Anorectal Thrombophlebitis Caused by a Protein C Deficiency

et al. 2018

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“…These are vascular inflammations with thrombus formation and consequent occlusion or may occur due to slow flow within a varicose vein. If thrombophlebitis is found in apparently normal superficial veins, attention should be paid to the possibility of underlying malignancy, thrombosing coagulopathy and silent deep vein thrombosis [44].…”

Section: Superficial Thrombophlebitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasculitis and Vasculopathies

Urzedo¹,

Manso²,

Faria³

2020

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

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Our organism, as complex as it is, needs a giant vascular network to deliver nutrients to all cells, so vasculopathies and vasculitis are diseases present in all medical specialties. The skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue are irrigated by a vast vascular network, with cutaneous involvement related to these frequent pathologies. These can be restricted to the integumentary system or be part of systemic diseases with cutaneous manifestations, which make them of great interest to dermatologists. They can affect any caliber of vessels and present with several dermatological manifestations such as erythema, livedo reticularis, palpable purpura, nodules, ulcers, urticaria, hemorrhagic blisters, gangrene and other manifestations that can be isolated or associated with systemic signs and symptoms. However, there is no worldwide consensus regarding the classification of vasculitis, and the classification proposed in this chapter is based on the International Chapel Hill Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides 2012, which is based on the size of the vessels. The purpose of this chapter is to compile a review of the most current treatments for these conditions.

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“…This is in accordance with human studies where decreased vessel size prevents US examination. 29 In this study, the procedure has been performed always by the same operator and this represents a limitation as generalizability of findings for operators with lower or no ultrasound experience was not assessed.…”

Section: F I G U R E 1 a Transverse (Left Image) And Sagittal (Rightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular ultrasonographic findings in canine patients with clinically diagnosed phlebitis

Lodzinska

Leigh

Parys

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Peripheral vein phlebitis (inflammation) is a relatively frequent complication in dogs, however, published information on the ultrasonographic characteristics is currently lacking. This prospective, observational study describes the ultrasound (US) characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins, and veins with clinical phlebitis. Correlations among US findings and between US findings versus time that the intravenous catheter was in place were investigated. Safety of the US procedure was evaluated. Fifty patients were prospectively recruited for the study and 18 met the final inclusion criteria. Each patient underwent daily US examinations and was assessed for multiple criteria (vascular wall appearance, compressibility, spontaneity of flow, color fill, and presence/absence of filling defects, flow contour, direction, non‐pulsatility). Characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins were as follows: smooth and thin wall, complete compressibility, no flow disturbances, no filling defects, smooth flow contours, and unidirectional, non‐pulsatile flow with no turbulence. Characteristics of cephalic veins with clinical phlebitis were as follows: wall thickening (83%), decreased compressibility (55%), filling defects consistent with intraluminal thrombus (55%), vessel wall hyperechogenicity (44%), and abnormal color Doppler flow (39%). Significant correlations were found between Doppler filling defects and compressibility, Doppler filling defects and presumed thrombosis, and compressibility and presumed thrombosis (P = .001, P = .001, P = .000, respectively). No correlation was found between the US findings and time the intravenous catheter was in place. Findings indicated that duplex and compressibility US are feasible and safe methods for characterizing and monitoring cephalic veins in dogs with clinical phlebitis.

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Superficial thrombophlebitis (superficial venous thrombosis)

Cited by 60 publications

References 17 publications

Acute Anorectal Thrombophlebitis Caused by a Protein C Deficiency

Acute Anorectal Thrombophlebitis Caused by a Protein C Deficiency

Vasculitis and Vasculopathies

Vascular ultrasonographic findings in canine patients with clinically diagnosed phlebitis

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