Superficial Dermatophytosis across the World’s Populations: Potential Benefits from Nanocarrier-Based Therapies and Rising Challenges

Abstract

The most prevalent infection in the world is dermatophytosis, which is a major issue with high recurrence and can affect the entire body including the skin, hair, and nails. The major goal of this Review is to acquire knowledge about cutting-edge approaches for treating dermatophytosis efficiently by adding antifungals to formulations based on nanocarriers in order to overcome the shortcomings of standard treatment methods. Updates on nanosystems and research developments on animal and clinical investigations are also presented. Along with the currently licensed formulations, the investigation also emphasizes novel therapies and existing therapeutic alternatives that can be used to control dermatophytosis. The Review also summarizes recent developments on the prevalence, management approaches, and disadvantages of standard dosage types. There are a number of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dermatophytosis that have good clinical cure rates but also drawbacks such as antifungal drug resistance and unfavorable side effects. To improve therapeutic activity and get around the drawbacks of the traditional therapy approaches for dermatophytosis, efforts have been described in recent years to combine several antifungal drugs into new carriers. These formulations have been successful in providing improved antifungal activity, longer drug retention, improved effectiveness, higher skin penetration, and sustained drug release.

Atypical and Unpredictable Superficial Mycosis Presentations: A Narrative Review

“…In contrast, other dermatophytes, like Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton violaceum, and Microsporum ferrugineum, remain more prevalent in specific regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Furthermore, Trichophyton tonsurans, is more commonly found in the United Kingdom and North/South America [23]. On the other hand, studies have shown that Trichophyton indotineae, which originated in the Indian subcontinent, has spread to numerous countries worldwide [24].…”

Humans vs. Fungi: An Overview of Fungal Pathogens against Humans

“…Dermatophytosis fungal illnesses, often known as tinea infections, are the most prevalent type of infection with high recurrence and can affect the entire body. They can be classified into three distinct genera, specifically Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton [22]. They can be spread from human to human (anthropophilic), animal to human (zoophilic), or soil to human (geophilic) [23].…”