SuperDARN observations of spectral enhancements excited during an ionospheric heating experiment

Hughes, John M.; Bristow, W. A.; Parris, Richard

doi:10.1029/2004gl019613

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The colocated Digisonde provided ionospheric density profiles every 2 min in the range 1–6 MHz. The Kodiak SuperDARN radar [e.g., Hughes et al , 2003, 2004], located ∼650 km southwest of HAARP, was operating on beam 9 only, which overlooks HAARP, with 15 km range resolution and 1 s integration. The radar cycled through six frequencies (8.05, 9.35, 10.35, 11.55, 12.14, and 13.505 MHz) in order to ensure the best possibility for satisfying backscatter orthogonality conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence extracting ion and electron temperatures with integration times of seconds is not possible at HAARP. Both facilities have well located Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars [Kodiak for HAARP and Cooperative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System (CUTLASS) for EISCAT], capable of observing field‐aligned plasma irregularities, called striations, which are symbiotic with upper‐hybrid (UH) electrostatic waves [e.g., Kosch et al , 2002a, 2002b; Hughes et al , 2003, 2004], as well as various optical instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP

et al. 2007

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[1] On 4 February 2005, the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility was operated in O and X mode while pointing into the magnetic zenith to produce artificial optical emissions in the ionospheric F layer. The pump frequency was set to 2.85 MHz to ensure passing through the second electron gyroharmonic of the decaying ionosphere. Optical recordings at 557.7 and 630 nm were performed simultaneously with the side-viewing high frequency (HF) and colocated ultra high frequency (UHF) ionospheric radars. No X-mode effects were found. For O-mode pumping, when passing from below to above the second gyroharmonic frequency, the optical intensity shows a distinct increase when the plasma frequency passes through the second electron gyroharmonic, while the UHF backscatter changes from persistent to overshoot in character. The optical intensity decreases when pump wave reflection ceases, dropping to zero when upper-hybrid resonance ceases. The HF radar backscatter increases when the upper-hybrid resonance frequency passes from below to above the second gyroharmonic frequency. These observations are consistent with the coexistence of the parametric decay and thermal parametric instabilities above the second gyroharmonic. The combined optical and radar data provide evidence that up to three electron-acceleration mechanisms are acting, sometimes simultaneously, depending on the pump frequency relative to the second gyroharmonic. In addition, we provide the first evidence of lowerhybrid waves in HF radar centerline data and show that the parametric decay instability producing Langmuir waves can be stimulated in the magnetic zenith at high latitudes despite the pump wave not reaching the nominal frequency-matching height.Citation: Kosch, M. J., T. Pedersen, E. Mishin, S. Oyama, J. Hughes, A. Senior, B. Watkins, and B. Bristow (2007), Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP

et al. 2007

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“…The Kodiac SuperDARN radar has been used to interpret the signatures of electrostatic ES fluctuations generated within the heated volume above HAARP at the UH altitude (e.g. Hughes et al, 2003Hughes et al, , 2004. Due to the mutual geometry of HAARP and of the Kodiak Su-perDARN radar, the signal observed by the Kodiak radar can result only from electron density fluctuations in the direction normal to the geomagnetic field.…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of third gyro-harmonic heating at HAARP using stimulated radio emissions and the MUIR and Kodiak radars

Mahmoudian

Scales

Watkins

et al. 2017

Advances in Space Research

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This paper presents data from two campaigns at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility (HAARP) in 2011 and 2012. The measurements of stimulated radio emissions (often called stimulated electromagnetic emissions or SEE) were conducted 15 km from the HAARP site. The potential of Narrowband SEE (NSEE) as a new diagnostic tool to monitor artificial irregularities excited during HF-pump heating of the ionosphere is the main goal of this paper. This has been investigated using well established diagnostics including the Modular UHF Ionospheric Radar (MUIR) and Kodiak SuperDARN radars as well as Wideband SEE (WSEE). The measured data using these three diagnostics were compared to characterize the ionospheric parameters and study the plasma irregularities generated in the interaction region. Variation of the wideband/narrowband SEE features, SuperDARN echoes, and HF-enhanced ion lines (EHIL) were studied with pump power variation, pump frequency stepping near the third electron gyro-frequency (3f ce) as well as changing beam angle relative to the magnetic zenith. In particular, electrostatic plasma waves and associated irregularities excited near the reflection resonance layer as well as the upper-hybrid resonance layer are investigated. The time evolution and growth rate of these irregularities are studied using the experimental observations. Close alignment of narrowband SEE (NSEE) with wideband SEE (WSEE) and EHIL was observed. SuperDARN radar echoes and WSEE also showed alignment as in previous investigations. Correlations between these three measurements underscore potential diagnostics by utilizing the NSEE spectrum to estimate ionospheric parameters such as electron temperature.

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“…The irregularities extend for several tens of kilometers along the geomagnetic field line and are thus most easily observable using coherent backscatter radar, which relies on the beam being orthogonal to the geomagnetic field. There have been observations made of such irregularities by the Super Dual Auroral Network (SuperDARN radars) [ Greenwald et al , 1995], which have been generated by several ionospheric heating facilities including European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) [ Baddeley et al, 2002], HAARP [ Hughes et al , 2004], and Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR) [ Robinson et al , 2006]. The AFAIs are far more intense and coherent than naturally occurring field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) [ Yeoman et al , 2006] resulting in higher observed backscatter power and lower observed spectral width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First observations of SPEAR‐induced topside and bottomside sporadic E layer heating observed using the EISCAT Svalbard and SuperDARN radars

Baddeley¹,

Häggström²,

Yeoman³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We present the first observations of heater-induced simultaneous topside and bottomside sporadic E layer enhancements at very high latitudes (78.15°N) using the Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR) heating facility and the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar. During the experiment the SPEAR heating facility was transmitting with O-mode polarization in a field-aligned direction with a constant effective radiated power of $16 MW. Results show distinct heater-induced enhancements in both the ion and plasma line spectra. The plasma line enhancements are observed at the SPEAR heater frequency of 4.45 MHz. The plasma line observations represent the highest spatial resolution data (100 m) obtained of such heater-induced enhancements and indicate simultaneous enhancements at both the topside and bottomside of the layer, respectively (located at $107.5 and 109 km altitude, respectively). It is postulated that the results represent evidence of O-to Z-mode conversion of the heater wave occurring at the bottom of the E layer, allowing propagation through the layer resulting in simultaneous topside enhancements. The Z-mode enhancements are observed outside the Spitze angle, which is thought to be a result of field-aligned irregularities causing an increase in angular extent of the observations. Additional data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF Finland radar are also shown, which indicate that upon a thinning of the sporadic E layer, the heater beam propagated into the F region, where it induced artificial field-aligned irregularities.Citation: Baddeley, L. J., I. Haggstrøm, T. K. Yeoman, and M. Rietveld (2012), First observations of SPEAR-induced topside and bottomside sporadic E layer heating observed using the EISCAT Svalbard and SuperDARN radars,

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SuperDARN observations of spectral enhancements excited during an ionospheric heating experiment

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP

Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP

Investigation of third gyro-harmonic heating at HAARP using stimulated radio emissions and the MUIR and Kodiak radars

First observations of SPEAR‐induced topside and bottomside sporadic E layer heating observed using the EISCAT Svalbard and SuperDARN radars

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