Supercritical Pyrolysis and Coking of JP-10 in Regenerative Cooling Channels

Abstract

JP-10 is a potential endothermic hydrocarbon fuel (EHF) with a high energy density for the regenerative cooling technology of advanced aircrafts. In this work, pyrolysis and coking of JP-10 were experimentally studied using an electrically heated tube as a flowing reactor under supercritical conditions (4.5 MPa, 550–735 °C). For the supercritical pyrolysis, dicyclopentadiene, exo-TCD4e, and indane/indene were observed with relatively higher selectivity at low conversion, and the selectivities of typical products (ethene, propene, CPD, cyclopentene, and benzene) were lower compared with that under atmospheric pressure, possibly because of the enhanced bimolecular reactions. The heat sink of JP-10 was approximately 2.5 MJ/kg ascribed to the severe coke formation during the pyrolysis. Further characterizations on cokes indicated that the coke in the bulk fluid was about 70–170 times higher than that deposited on the wall, attributed to rapid formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of pyrolysis products rather than the wall catalysis.

Catalytic Effects of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) on the Oxidation of Acoustically Levitated exo-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10) Droplets

“…Over the past decades, researchers exploited a great variety of approaches to study the thermal decomposition and oxidation of JP-10 such as distinct reactor types (flow tube, jet stirred, and batch), ,− shock tubes, ,, and high-temperature chemical reactors (Table ) with identified products compiled in Table S1. ,, The majority of these products were reported in a chemical microreactor setup by Zhao et al by exploiting vacuum ultraviolet photoionization detection along with studies by Johnson et al, Pan et al, and Huang et al Electronic structure calculations by Morozov et al provided a theoretical framework of these findings and yielded in-depth mechanistical insights into the feasible pathways, leading to the pyrolysis products of JP-10. These studies revealed that the decomposition of JP-10 is initiated by distinct C–H bond cleavages ,, followed by C–C bond β-scissions via biradical intermediates; these pathways are consistent with the cleavage of strained C–C bonds eventually initiating the unimolecular decomposition of the carbon skeleton of JP-10 (Scheme ).…”

Heat Management in Supersonic/Hypersonic Vehicles Using Endothermic Fuel: Perspective and Challenges

“…Some groups of scientists have used direct heating DC power systems (as shown in Figure 7a) to heat the reactor to the desired temperature. 34,36,39 The other groups 29,62,65 have used furnace heating systems as shown in Figure 7b. We believe that the furnace heating approach is justifiable if the objective is to estimate the fuel conversion and coking rate.…”

“…The conversion of n-heptane and alkane selectivity increased with the increase in pressure, while the selectivity of lighter olefins decreased with pressure. Pan et al 39 have studied the pyrolysis of JP-10 fuel in a nickel-coated tubular reactor at 45 bar pressure. The total heat sink capacity value is around 2600 kJ/ kg of the fuel at 730 °C for 60 g/min feed flow rate.…”

Ni nanocatalysts supported on MIL-53(Al) for DCPD hydrogenation

“… 4 The high reaction temperature will cause the pyrolysis of DCPD, influence the selectivity of THDCPD. 11 …”