Supercritical fluid/supersonic jet spectroscopy with a sheath-flow nozzle

Femtisecond single-mole infrared spectroscopy of molecular clusters

“…It allows to vibrationally characterize low-volatility molecules co-expanded in the CO 2 carrier. Many other pulsed and continuous expansion setups are available [36][37][38] but they typically employ more number density sensitive detection methods.…”

Glow discharge ionization of a seeded supersonic jet

“…7 High-pressure carbon dioxide was chosen because its vapor pressure could be controlled at high values conveniently and because, in the supercritical state, it provides a way of seeding the jet with compounds of low vapor pressure. 8 Although the positive ions in a glow discharge are impinging on the cathode, the cathode fall region produces ion kinetic energies too high for a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). Previous API results indicate that positive ions can be detected at the anode.…”

Inefficient Vibrational Cooling of C60 in a Supersonic Expansion

“…It will be necessary to optimize the toluene content for our particular needs. We would likely employ an argon sheath-flow continuous expansion source, as in [42].…”