Supercritical fluid fractionation and detailed characterization of the sulfur heterocycles in a catalytically cracked petroleum vacuum residue

Mass spectrometry of polyaromatic sulfur compounds in the presence of palladium(II)

“…Thiophene and benzothiophene have less non‐polar character and less chromatographic retention on a reversed‐phase column, and so would be expected to have less surface activity43 and less ESI response44 than three‐ and four‐ring compounds. In addition, these two compounds exhibit minimal interaction with Pd(II)‐impregnated silica gel,45, 46 which leads us to believe that one‐ and two‐ring PASH compounds do not interact sufficiently with Pd(II) in order to promote electron transfer. The lack of surface activity, minimal interaction with Pd(II) and high redox potentials (>1.8 V vs NHE) account for the lack of a signal observed with thiophene and benzothiophene.…”

Investigation of the Effect of Sulfur Heteroatom on Asphaltene Aggregation

“…Finally, these results can help toward the comprehension of why heavy crude oils containing high values of sulfur are experimentally more difficult to treat and crack. − …”

Characterization of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles for source identification

“…Also, they identified cyclo-sulfides in FCC and residue fluid catalytic cracking gasoline produced in China. In an earlier study (Nishioka et al, 1986) 3-ring, 4-ring, and 5-ring PASHs were investigated in a catalytically cracked petroleum vacuum residue. These PASHs are C 1-5 -DBTs, C 2-6 -phenanthrothiophenes, C 1-5 -naphthobenzothiophenes, C 3 -and C 4 -bis(benzothiophene)s, C 1-4 -chrysenothiophenes, and C 2 -dinaphthothiophene.…”