Supercritical fluid extraction of oil from microalgaSpirulina (arthrospira) platensis

Energy-Saving Lipid Extraction from Wet Euglena gracilis by the Low-Boiling-Point Solvent Dimethyl Ether

“…Recently, Lardon et al conducted a life cycle assessment of algal fuel production, and indicated that drying and solvent evaporation steps consumed huge amounts of energy, resulting in a negative energy balance for algal fuel production [6,7]. Generally, algal lipids are extracted by supercritical CO2 and organic solvents such as hexane [8]. Gaseous carbon dioxide changes into the supercritical state above its critical point (Tc: 31.1 °C , Pc: 7.3 MPa), and exhibits liquid-like density and gas-like viscosity [9].…”

Current Status and Outlook in the Application of Microalgae in Biodiesel Production and Environmental Protection

“…Note that the effects of various operational parameters including moisture content, solvent (volume) to microalgae (dry weight) ratio, extraction temperature, pressure, and time will be needed to investigate to improve extraction performance of total lipids. Several supercritical fluids mainly supercritical-CO 2 have received the most interest and applied to microalgae lipids extraction for biodiesel production recently (Mendes et al, 1994;Andrich et al, 2006;Gouveia et al, 2007;Tang et al, 2011;Mouahid et al, 2013). Supercritical-CO 2 extraction is non-toxic and provide non-oxidizing environment to avoid degradation of extracts.…”

A Simplified Method to Estimate the Time Evolution of Oil Extraction from Different Substrates by Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>

“…Applying the Fick's law to the diffusion occurring between two heterogeneous phases (solid matrix and Sc-CO 2 …”

“…Among the alternative solvents proposed, supercritical CO 2 (Sc-CO 2 ) has been investigated for three microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp., Schizochytrium sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis) [1][2][3] and for three oilseeds (sunflower, rape and soybean) [4][5][6].…”

“…On these basis a simplified mathematical model was introduced to describe the time evolution of SFE of lipid fraction from oilseeds [4][5][6] and microalgae [1][2][3]. By Chrastil's equation [14] it was also possible to correlate the maximum extraction rate with the working pressure and temperature adopted.…”