Supercritical extraction of used automotive tire with water.

Abstract

Samplesfrom a used automotive tire were subjected to subcritical and supercritical extraction with water. Supercritical water wasfound to be almost as effective as supercritical /t-pentane. For a 9-mmcube sample the rate of supercritical extraction with water followed a first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 170kJ/mol. DynamicTGAdata for 0.13-0.35 mmsamples showedthat pyrolysis at temperatures of 690-730 K had almost the same activation energy as did supercritical extraction with water.

Potential use of natural rubber to produce liquid fuels using hydrous pyrolysis – a review

“…32,111,112 Thus far, gasification of 100% pure natural rubber has not been investigated. However, various studies reported that the gasification of tire rubber (consists of 40%-52.2% natural rubber 64,89,114 ) in an oxidizing medium under low-temperature conditions produced gaseous products, oil, and solid residues. 115 Ahmed and Gupta 116 performed pyrolysis and steam gasification of rubber tires at 800°C and 900°C to produce syngas.…”

“…12,62,64,149,150 Many parameters affect hydrous pyrolysis; these parameters include particle size, reaction time, water to material ratio, heating rate, and operating atmosphere. Raw material quality also significantly influences the final product, Overall, temperature was found to be the most effective parameter that significantly affects product quantity and quality.…”

“…The temperature and gas atmosphere were the most significant factors affecting oil yield and conversion. 64 Rubber tire…”

“…Moreover, separation of the produced liquid fuels from water is easier and more economical compared with other techniques. [62][63][64] Generally, the products of pyrolysis are char, oil, and gas. Hydrous pyrolysis is a three step process: (i) the material is chopped into small pieces; (ii) the material is then heated at temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 300 °C using water at high pressure; and (iii) the produced hydrocarbons are broken down into light hydrocarbons at about 500 °C.…”

Kinetics of scrap tyre pyrolysis under fast heating conditions

“…Studies on the kinetics of scrap tyre pyrolysis have been carried out in the literature by means of techniques based on thermal analysis, such as thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. It must be pointed out that there are notable differences between the results obtained.…”