Supercritical CO2 Extracts and Volatile Oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Comparison with Conventional Methods

Abstract

Interest in new products from aromatic plants as medical and nutritional compounds is increasing. The aim of this work was to apply different extraction methods, including the use of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, and to test the antioxidant activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) extracts. In vitro efficacy assessments were performed using enzymatic assays. Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and volatile oil obtained from supercritical fluid extraction were analyzed by gas chromatography to quantify components. The total phenolic content in the extracts ranged from 35.5 ± 2.9 to 85.3 ± 8.6 mg of gallic acid equivalents and the total flavonoid content ranged from 35.5 ± 2.9 to 93.3 ± 3.9 micromole catechin equivalents per gram of dry weight of extract. All the extracts showed an antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and the reducing power test. Extracts obtained from methanol had a higher antioxidant capacity per the DPPH test results (IC 50 = 3.05 ± 0.36 mg/mL) and the reducing power test assay 306.8 ± 21.8 µmol of trolox equivalents per gram of extract (TE/g) compared with ethanolic or supercritical fluid extracts. However, using the ABTS assay, the extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction had a higher antioxidant capacity with an IC 50 of 1.74 ± 0.05 mg/mL. Finally, the examined extracts showed practically no acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity and a slight inhibitory activity against tyrosinase.

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Antioxidative Potential of Basil Varieties (Ocimum basilicum L.)

“…The highest efficiency was attained in the case of Purple Basil cultivated on a substrate fertilized with ammonium sulfate (16.5%) and the lowest for Cinnamon Basil growing on the same substrate (9.6%). A similar efficiency of alcoholic extraction of polyphenols was obtained in the study by Coelho et al [ 19 ].…”

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction, Antioxidant Activity, and Fatty Acid Composition of Bran Oil from Rice Varieties Cultivated in Portugal

“…Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was carried out in a laboratory apparatus from Applied Separations (model Spe-ed SFE-NP), which allows operation at pressures up to 60.0 MPa and temperatures up to 120 • C, equipped with a 50 cm 3 internal capacity extractor. A detailed description of the SFE apparatus is given elsewhere [38][39][40]. Briefly, liquid CO 2 flowing from a cylinder is compressed to the desired pressure using a circulating pump into the extractor, which is preheated to the desired temperature.…”

“…The influence of temperature on supercritical extractions was assessed by performing experiments at three different temperatures (40,60, and 80 °C) keeping constant pressure (40.0 MPa), CO2 flow rate (1 L/min), and using a 20 g rice bran loading. Extraction curves at 40 °C and 60 °C are very similar, as shown in Figure 4, and a slight improvement in extraction rate and final oil yield is noticeable at the highest temperature, 80 °C.…”

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticle–coated electro‐membrane extraction of perchlorate in different seafood samples

“…Basil ( Ocimum basilicum ), called Rayhan in Arabic, is a well‐known popular plant in Saudi Arabia, and it is widely available in the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). Previous reported studies indicated that it is one of the aromatic plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family (Coelho et al, 2018; Kusuma & Mahfud, 2016), which contains many chemical compounds that include ~150 species (Coelho et al, 2018; Güez et al, 2017). These compounds are used in cooking, flavors, toothpaste preparation, perfumery, medicine, cosmetics, and food industry (Bjergaard et al, 2017; Chenni et al, 2016; Fahimeh et al, 2020; Magnus et al, 2020; Moura et al, 2020; Nidia et al, 2013; Saha et al, 2012).…”