Supercritical CO2 extraction and transesterification of the residual oil from industrial palm kernel cake with supercritical methanol

Costa, Wanessa Almeida da; Bezerra, Fernanda Wariss Figueiredo; Oliveira, Mozaniel Santana de; Andrade, Eloísa Helena de Aguiar; Santos, Ana Paula Martins dos; Cunha, Vânia Maria Borges; Santos, Daniele Cristina Silva dos; Banna, Débora Ariane Dornelas da Silva; Teixeira, Edinaldo; Carvalho, Rubens Côrte Real de

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2018.10.012

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The experiments conducted by Bezerra et al, (2018) also provided similar conversion to ethyl esters for oil:ethanol molar ratios of 1:20 and 1:40 at 350 °C, after 40 min at 20 MPa. A similar result was obtained by Costa et al, (2019) on raising the oil:methanol molar ratio from 1:21 to 1:41, at 300 °C, for 10 min of reaction at 20 MPa.…”

Section: Effect Of Oil To Ethanol Mass Ratiosupporting

confidence: 83%

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

et al. 2021

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In this study, the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil and pressurized ethanol was investigated. The experiments were conducted without the addition of catalyst, at 20 MPa, to determine the effect of temperature (200 to 300 °C) and the oil to ethanol mass ratio (1:1 and 1:2) on the FAEE content and different residence times (10 to 45 min). The effect of the addition of n-hexane to the oil (20 wt%) as a co-solvent was also evaluated. The use of high temperatures (275 and 300 °C) resulted in high FAEE content (∼90%). Increasing the amount of ethanol in the reaction medium contributed to the formation of esters only at operating temperatures of 200 to 250 °C. It was also observed that with the addition of co-solvent (in the oil) it was possible to obtain high amounts of FAEE in a shorter reaction time. In addition, a low content of unreacted compounds (∼8.0%) and the conversion of ∼90 and 99% of the free fatty acids and triglycerides were observed, respectively.

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Section: Effect Of Oil To Ethanol Mass Ratiosupporting

confidence: 83%

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

et al. 2021

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“…Similar findings were reported by Rathore and Madras [124], Imahara et al [125], and Lin et al [126]. Almeida et al [116] The use of these catalyst causes no corrosion. They are recyclable for a long time, giving higher selectivity.…”

Section: Reaction Temperature and Timesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…da Costa et al [116] studied the influence of co-solvent and transesterification reaction parameters for biodiesel synthesis from residual oil extracted from palm oil waste. The yield of 99 % was achieved for FAMEs with optimum conditions of methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 42:1, 350°C, and 5 min.…”

Section: Supercritical Biodiesel Synthesis Using Pomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triglycerides react with three moles of methanol for a complete transesterification reaction. However, since biodiesel production through transesterification is a reversible process, a higher amount of alcohol is added to avoid the reversibility of the process [116]. The study of the influence of oil-to-alcohol molar ratio ranging from 1:3.5 to 1:42 was done by Kusdiana and Saka [123].…”

Section: Effect Of Oil-to-alcohol Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent

et al. 2021

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Biodiesel synthesis processes including pyrolysis, direct blending, transesterification, and advanced technologies such as microwave-and ultrasoundassisted and supercritical processes from palm oil mill effluent (POME) are reviewed to highlight the significance and advances in terms of process sustainability and cost. POME as the most contaminated waste can be effectively utilized for biodiesel production. Supercritical transesterification offers more advantages over the other processes including higher reaction rate, without catalyst constraint, producing pure glycerol, and simple product separation process. The addition of co-solvents like CO 2 should be investigated for supercritical biodiesel production from POME. Although POME is an inexpensive source to synthesize biodiesel, innovative processes are needed to maximize the oil recovery from POME. Optimization of transesterification parameters is required for high production yields and sustainable processing.

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“…Vegetable oils can be extracted from vegetable raw materials such as grains, seeds, cereals, fruits and other food types (Costa et al, 2019). The main component of oils are lipids that account for different functions in the body, such as providing energy, contributing to hormone formation and producing satiety; in addition, they are of great importance for the food industry since they can change the flavour and texture of processed food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and technological aspects of vegetable oils that stand out for the prevalence of medium-chain triacylglycerides: A review

Lima

Gomes

Stephani

et al. 2021

RSD

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The nature of the fatty acid presented in each type of vegetable oil will determine the oil’s characteristic. The purpose of this review is to describe the medium chain fatty acids present in vegetable oils absorption mechanism and their benefits for human body, combined with technological advantages in the preparation of food formulations. Highlighting how the source of the raw material and the extraction method interfere with the concentration of fatty acids present in the oils. It is a review of narrative literature, which used as a theoretical framework recent scientific articles in the English language. Oils derived from coconut, palm kernel, and babassu, for example, have a solid or semi-solid characteristic at room temperature. This happens due to the presence of saturated fatty acids with medium-length carbon chains, that is from 6 to 12 carbons. Although medium-chain fatty acids are saturated, they present characteristics that are different from other long-chain saturated fatty acids. They are quickly digested by the body, which favors the absorption and the using of these nutrients, leading an impact on diseases’ control, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. In addition, due to their chemical structure, medium chain fatty acids can be used in the food industry as a substitute for animal fat, combining their nutritional benefits with technological advantage, being used in food preparations to impact texture, flavor, stabilize emulsions, and improve the rheological characteristics of the product.

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Supercritical CO2 extraction and transesterification of the residual oil from industrial palm kernel cake with supercritical methanol

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Nutritional and technological aspects of vegetable oils that stand out for the prevalence of medium-chain triacylglycerides: A review

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