Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Algal Lipids for the Biodiesel Production

Santana, Ádina L.; Jesus, Sérgio S. de; Larrayoz, M.A.; Filho, Rubens Maciel

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.569

Cited by 107 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…as hexane, the extraction should occur at 55°C and 70 MPa. Santana et al (2012) showed that ScCO 2 can extract the same amount of lipids from Botryococcus braunii as the Bligh and Dyer method when the extraction is performed at 25 MPa and 50°C.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biorefinery for Nannochloropsis: Induction, harvesting, and extraction of EPA-rich oil and high-value protein

Chua

Schenk

2017

Bioresource Technology

126

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Please cite this article as: Chua, E.T., Schenk, P.M., A biorefinery for Nannochloropsis: induction, harvesting, and extraction of EPA-rich oil and high-value protein, Bioresource Technology (2017), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/ j.biortech.2017.05.124 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractMicroalgae have been studied as biofactories for almost four decades. Yet, even until today, many aspects of microalgae farming and processing are still considered exploratory because of the uniqueness of each microalgal species. Thus, it is important to develop the entire process of microalgae farming: from culturing to harvesting, and down to extracting the desired high-value products. Based on its rapid growth and high oil productivities, Nannochloropsis sp. is of particular interest to many industries for the production of highvalue oil containing omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but also several other products. This review compares the various techniques for induction, harvesting, and extraction of EPA-rich oil and high-value protein explored by academia and industry to develop a multi-product Nannochloropsis biorefinery. Knowledge gaps and opportunities are discussed for culturing and inducing fatty acid biosynthesis, biomass harvesting, and extracting EPA-rich oil and high-value protein from the biomass of Nannochloropsis sp.

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Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biorefinery for Nannochloropsis: Induction, harvesting, and extraction of EPA-rich oil and high-value protein

Chua

Schenk

2017

Bioresource Technology

126

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“…Oils from algae/yeast biomass are extracted from dried or wet mass by chemical and mechanical methods [7,8,[19][20][21][22][23][24] . For extracting oils, various methods are available such as (1) chemical methods through solvent extraction, (2) sonication using hexane, chloroform, methanol, and isopropanol and their mixture, (3) supercritical fluid (SFC) extraction or (4) mechanical methods including milling, expelling, and extrusion (screw, expeller, piston) in the presence of solvents [4][5][6][7][8][19][20][21][22][23][24] . The extraction cost is further escalated depending on the processes that have been used for drying of the harvested biomass (5 -15 % solid mass) such as sun drying, low-pressure shelf drying, spray drying, fluidized bed drying and freeze drying [15,21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantum fracturing is then applied to the now precracked cells to complete the oil extraction with ease.Ultra-sonication and microwave-assisted extraction with appropriate solvents have many advantages such as reduced extraction time, reduced solvent consumption, and greater penetration of solvent into cellular materials causing high cell disruptive effects for quick release of oil [7,8,14,25] . Extractions using the subcritical or supercritical fluids (SFC), mainly supercritical CO 2 , are applied to extract lipids and are considered economically viable and green process as drying process is completely eliminated [23] . The SFC methods are efficient, particularly for the extraction of PUFAs and essential fatty acids [26] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

comparison of oil extraction methods for algae by NMR and Chromatographic techniques

Sarpal¹,

Sharma²,

Scott³

et al. 2016

JABST

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The present study focuses on identification and compositional characterization of neutral (tri acyl glycerides, TAG; free fatty acids, FFA) and polar (glyco/ glycerophospho) lipids, and fatty acid chains constituting these lipids in the cyclohexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts or algal oils of microalgae biomasses. Algal oils were generated by step wise Accelerated Solvent and Soxhlet extraction methods from six microalgae biomasses (Scenedesmus dimorph, Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina, SD Flakes, Cyanothece and Chlamydomonas) obtained from commercial sources. The analytical protocol developed based on NMR (300 & 400 MHz)( 1 H & 13 C), IR, GPC, GC-FID and GC-MS techniques has provided authentic quantitative information about the nature of neutral lipids, polar lipids, fatty acid profiles, oxylipins (oxo fatty acids) and hydrocarbons present in the extracts. The analyses of fractions generated by silica column chromatographic separation of solvent extracts have facilitated demarcation of 1 H NMR chemical shift regions of functional groups corresponding to neutral and polar lipids. Specifically, α (n-3) and γ (n-6) C18:3 were differentiated in the Spirulina by critical examination of 1 H NMR spectral features of algal oils from various biomasses. The comparative results by different analytical techniques have shown that newly developed methods based on 1 H NMR techniques can provide direct and rapid quantitative results of neutral lipids components including poly unsaturated fatty acid/ester (PUFA/PUFE) in the algal oils without prior sample treatment. The neutral lipids results obtained by NMR and GPC show good agreement as compared by linear regression analyses. The results showed that nature and contents of neutral lipids, and fatty acids profile in the extracts were dependent upon the methods of extraction and the polarity index of solvent used for extraction, and specific to types of algae strains. The application of NMR and IR techniques enabled assessment of the solvent extraction efficiency towards extraction of neutral and polar lipids including types of fatty acids constituting these lipids.

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“…Supercritical CO 2 penetrated algal cells at high temperature and pressure and cause its rupture (~100%). Supercritical CO 2 treatment are costly, energy intensive, highly sensitive and involves risk due to high pressure requirement [75].…”

Section: Pretreatment Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as Future Fuel: Real Opportunities and Challenges

Sharma¹,

Thukral²,

Soni³

et al. 2015

J Thermodyn Catal

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Algal Lipids for the Biodiesel Production

Cited by 107 publications

References 25 publications

A biorefinery for Nannochloropsis: Induction, harvesting, and extraction of EPA-rich oil and high-value protein

A biorefinery for Nannochloropsis: Induction, harvesting, and extraction of EPA-rich oil and high-value protein

comparison of oil extraction methods for algae by NMR and Chromatographic techniques

Microalgae as Future Fuel: Real Opportunities and Challenges

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