Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Oak Silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) Pupal Oil: Process Optimization and Composition Determination

“…The center points (300 bars and 55 °C), however, showed the highest yields of sardine oil extraction with SC-CO 2 . This was in line with what Pan et al (2012) reported.…”

Section: Impact Of Supercritical Pressure and Temperature On The Depesupporting

confidence: 83%

Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) extraction of sardine (<em>Sardinella lemuru</em> Bleeker) oil using response surface methodology (RSM)

Gedi¹,

Bakar²,

Mariod³

2015

Grasas y Aceites

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SUMMARY:Oil was extracted from freeze-dried sardine (Sardinella lemur) fillets using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) and a few milliliters of ethanol were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The impact of extraction pressure (200-400 bars) and temperature (40-70 °C) were studied on the total extraction yields, ratios of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The results were compared with those of Soxhlet and modified Kinsella methods (MKM). The oils obtained using the SC-CO 2 and MKM methods were significantly (P<0.05) higher in oil yield (8.04% and 6.83%), EPA (5.43% and 5.45%) and DHA (18.76% and 18.54%), respectively, compared to the Soxhlet yield (5.10%), EPA (2.17%) and DHA (06.46%). Of the two independent variables, pressure had a critical effect on yield while EPA and DHA ratios were notably influenced by temperature. The combined optimal values were pressure at 328 bars and temperature at 40 °C, with corresponding responses of 7.20%, 5.68% and 20.09% for yield, EPA and DHA, respectively. The experimental values in this study were reasonably comparable to their predicted counterparts. KEYWORDS: Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Fatty acid composition; Fish oil; Response surface methodology;Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction RESUMEN: Optimización de la extracción mediante dióxido de carbono supercrítico (CO2) de aceites de sardinas (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker) usando la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM). El aceite se extrae de filetes de sardinas (Sardinella lemur) liofilizando, mediante dióxido de carbono supercrítico (SC-CO 2 ) y unos mililitros de etanol, optimizándose mediante la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM). Se ha estudiado la influencia de la presión de extracción (200-400 bars) y la temperatura (40-70 °C) sobre los rendimientos de extracción total, y sobre las relaciones de ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA). Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos mediante extracción con Soxhlet y el método de Kinsella modificado (MKM). Los aceites obtenidos mediante SC-CO 2 y métodos MKM fueron significativamente (P<0.05) superiores en rendimientos de aceite (8,04% y 6,83%), EPA (5,43% y 5,45%) y DHA (18,76% y 18,54%), respectivamente, en comparación con rendimientos mediante Soxhlet (5,10%), EPA (2,17%) y DHA (06,46%). De las dos variables independientes, la presión tuvo un efecto crítico sobre el rendimiento, mientras que los porcentajes de EPA y DHA estuvieron notablemente influenciados por la temperatura. Los valores óptimos fueron para una presión de 328 bar y una temperatura de 40 °C, y sus correspondientes respuestas fueron 7,20%, 5,68% y 20,09% para el rendimiento, EPA y DHA, respectivamente. Los valores experimentales de este estudio fueron los previstos y son comparables razonablemente con sus homólogos.

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“…A 2 3 full factorial screening design including repeated center point was selected to investigate the influence of SFE process parameters on the degree of defatting of TML. Levels of parameters were chosen based on preliminary trials and the literature . Levels and coding of independent variables are shown in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date only limited data is available on SC–CO 2 extraction of insect fat. Optimization of oil yield using the response surface method are reported for sorghum bug and silkworm species indicating yields from 75 to 97% at optimal conditions. Cheng et al investigated the influence of the extraction regime on yield and chemical components of black ants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot‐scale supercritical CO₂ extraction of edible insect oil from Tenebrio molitor L. larvae – Influence of extraction conditions on kinetics, defatting performance and compositional properties

Purschke¹,

Stegmann

Schreiner³

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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In view of industrial fractionation processes for edible insects, supercritical CO2 extraction of Tenebrio molitor larval oil was studied. The influence of extraction parameters on defatting of larvae was investigated using a full factorial design. Furthermore, the effect of operating conditions on extraction kinetics, fatty acid composition, and acidity of mealworm oil was evaluated. Pressure, time, and their interaction showed the most significant effects on defatting. Maximal defatting (95%) was achieved at 400/250 bar, 45°C, and 105 min. Extraction kinetics revealed that incrementing pressure increased the solubility of mealworm oil in SC–CO2 enabling faster extraction. Extracted oils contained 72% unsaturated fatty acids, and oleic acid accounted for 42% of total FAME. Oil composition and acidity were found to be affected by extraction parameters showing the highest amount of low molecular and free fatty acids after slow extraction at 250 bar and 65°C. Use of selective extraction conditions enabled simple time‐dependent fractionation and deacidification yielding fractions with tailored fatty acid profiles or facilitating subsequent refining processes, respectively. Defatting performance and oil composition were not substantially different when using hexane as a solvent in comparison to SC–CO2. Mealworm larvae can be effectively defatted using SC–CO2 at high pressure and moderate temperature, yielding two valuable fractions: oil‐ and protein‐rich residue. Practical applications: Mealworm larvae are promising candidates for the inclusion of edible insects in the western food and feed industry due to modest breeding demands, existing rearing knowledge, and high contents of protein and fat. The development of fractionation processes for the production of standardized insect bulk materials and incorporation in feed or food in analogy to soy and other plant raw materials rich in fat and protein will help gain industrial applicability and enhance consumer acceptance. Depending on the processing approach, a defatting step is crucial prior to protein extraction. The results of this study indicate that SC–CO2 extraction is suitable for achieving a high yield of solvent‐free oil and a protein‐enriched, solvent‐free residue at low extraction temperatures. Both fractions can be further refined and purified in order to achieve valuable intermediates for food and feed applications. The SC–CO2 extraction of mealworms yielded highly unsaturated oil and a defatted residue containing protein and chitin. The operating parameters clearly affected the defatting performance and the extraction rate.

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Oak Silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) Pupal Oil: Process Optimization and Composition Determination

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization and Composition of Volatile Oil from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill Druce) using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Optimization and Composition of Volatile Oil from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill Druce) using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) extraction of sardine (<em>Sardinella lemuru</em> Bleeker) oil using response surface methodology (RSM)

Pilot‐scale supercritical CO₂ extraction of edible insect oil from Tenebrio molitor L. larvae – Influence of extraction conditions on kinetics, defatting performance and compositional properties

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Oak Silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) Pupal Oil: Process Optimization and Composition Determination

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization and Composition of Volatile Oil from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill Druce) using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Optimization and Composition of Volatile Oil from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill Druce) using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) extraction of sardine (<em>Sardinella lemuru</em> Bleeker) oil using response surface methodology (RSM)

Pilot‐scale supercritical CO2 extraction of edible insect oil from Tenebrio molitor L. larvae – Influence of extraction conditions on kinetics, defatting performance and compositional properties

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Pilot‐scale supercritical CO₂ extraction of edible insect oil from Tenebrio molitor L. larvae – Influence of extraction conditions on kinetics, defatting performance and compositional properties