“…The optical set-up is inverse to that of TIRF with an excitation beam illuminating the sample perpendicularly and a collection of fluorescence light emitted into the supercritical angle of the substrate using a parabolic mirror objective. The SAF technology itself (2000) [238,239], a SAF sensing instrument (2003) [240], and also a SAF imaging instrument (2007) [241,242] were recently developed. The strength of the SAF technique to study protein adsorption phenomena was demonstrated in some recent publications [44,102,118,187] or TIRF set-ups and, more recently, also with the SAF optics [244].…”