Supercritical and Transcritical Injection

Seebald, Paul; Sojka, Paul E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7264-4_11

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

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RANS Modeling of Transcritical and Supercritical Nitrogen Jets

Antunes

Silva

Barata

2015

53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting

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The present work is dedicated to the study of cryogenic nitrogen jets under supercritical chamber conditions with the objective of simulating the process of fuel injection inside a combustion engine. In order to do so, a numerical simulation using a RANS model was performed over two case studies previously analyzed by other authors both in experimental and numerical studies. The result obtained by the present numerical approach were then compared with previous results and this way accessed the capabilities of RANS approach using a k-ε turbulence model in which the density is calculated through the mixture fraction value to correctly model cryogenic jets at supercritical conditions. The results show the ability to achieve good agreement with other studies for the axial density distribution however for other parameters like the jet spreading angle the same agreement was not found. Nomenclature, normalized droplet diameter (d(t) / d 0 ) ε = dissipation rate of turbulent energy f = mixture fraction F = mean mixture fraction i = axial direction index j = radial direction index k = turbulent kinetic energy ϕ = generalized variable ω = chamber-to-injection fluid density ratio (ρ ∞ /ρ 0 ) P cr = critical pressure [MPa] P ∞ = chamber ambient pressure [MPa] P r = reduced pressure (P ∞ /P cr ) ρ = density [kg.m -3 ] ρ 0 = injected fluid density [kg.m -3 ] ρ ∞ = injection chamber's fluid density [kg.m −3 ] r = radial coordinate [m] R/D = radial distance normalized by injector diameter R diam = injector radius [m] R e = Reynolds Number S ϕ = source term t = time [s] T = temperature [K] u = axial velocity [m.s -1 ] U = mean axial velocity [m.s -1 ] 2 U in = injection axial velocity [m.s -1 ] v = radial velocity [m.s -1 ] v t = turbulent kinematic viscosity V = mean radial velocity [m.s -1 ] X = axial coordinate [m] X/D = axial distance normalized by injector diameter

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RANS Modeling of Transcritical and Supercritical Nitrogen Jets

Antunes

Silva

Barata

2015

53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting

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Novel method of niosome generation using supercritical carbon dioxide part I: process mechanics

Wagner

Rizvi

2015

Journal of Liposome Research

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A novel method for the production of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) using an rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS)-based process coupled with a gas ejector is presented along with an investigation of parameters affecting niosome morphology, size and encapsulation efficiency of a 0.2 M D-glucose solution in Tris buffer at physiological pH. The solubility of the non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene(4) sorbitan monostearate in SC-CO2 was determined at three pressures (10, 15 and 20 MPa) and three temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C). Mole fraction of Tween61 in the vapor phase increased with pressure at 40 °C, but did not change with pressure at 50 or 60 °C. Solubility data were correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PREOS) with the Panagiotopoulos and Reid mixing rule. Vesicles were either multilamellar or unilamellar, depending on the degree of precipitation of the lipid formulation at the point of aqueous cargo introduction. Vesicle particle size distributions were bimodal, with the 80-99% of the liposomal volume contributed niosomes ranging in size from 3 to 7 μm and the remaining niosomes ranging from 239 to 969 nm, depending on the system configuration. Encapsulation efficiency as high as 28% using the gas ejector to introduce the glucose cargo solution was achieved. Vesicle particle size and encapsulation efficiency were shown to be dependent on cargo droplet formation.

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Visualization Investigation of a Diesel-Gasoline Mixture Jet

Zhu¹

2016

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Supercritical and Transcritical Injection

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

RANS Modeling of Transcritical and Supercritical Nitrogen Jets

RANS Modeling of Transcritical and Supercritical Nitrogen Jets

Novel method of niosome generation using supercritical carbon dioxide part I: process mechanics

Visualization Investigation of a Diesel-Gasoline Mixture Jet

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