Supercooling of Water to -92°C Under Pressure

Kanno, H.; Speedy, Robin J.; Angell, C. Austen

doi:10.1126/science.189.4206.880

Cited by 297 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the lowest temperature of −26°C is still 12°C above the homogeneous nucleation limit for pure water, T H = −38°C. 8 Hence, there is probably some space left to achieve somewhat lower temperatures in the surface tension measurement.…”

Section: The Journal Of Physical Chemistry Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the isobaric heat capacity and the isothermal compressibility seemingly diverge (or approach a sharp maximum) when extrapolated to temperatures around −45°C, i.e., below the homogeneous nucleation temperature T H = −38°C at atmospheric pressure. 8 On the basis of both the experimental and theoretical studies, Mishima and Stanley 9 proposed an explanation for some of these anomalies. The liquid−liquid phase transition (LLPT) hypothesis with the hypothesized second critical point of water seems to provide a rational explanation of the anomalous thermophysical properties of supercooled water.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Tension of Supercooled Water Determined by Using a Counterpressure Capillary Rise Method

et al. 2015

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Measurements of the surface tension of supercooled water down to −25°C have been reported recently (Hrubýet al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 425−428). These experiments did not show any anomalous temperature dependence of the surface tension of supercooled water reported by some earlier measurements and molecular simulations. In the present work, this finding is confirmed using a counterpressure capillary rise method (the counterpressure method) as well as through the use of the classical capillary rise method (the height method). In the counterpressure method, the liquid meniscus inside the vertical capillary tube was kept at a fixed position with an in-house developed helium distribution setup. A preset counterpressure was applied to the liquid meniscus when its temperature changed from a reference temperature (30°C) to the temperature of interest. The magnitude of the counterpressure was adjusted such that the meniscus remained at the same height, thus compensating the change of the surface tension. One advantage of the counterpressure method over the height method consists of avoiding the uncertainty due to a possible variation of the capillary diameter along its length. A second advantage is that the equilibration time due to the capillary flow of the highly viscous supercooled water can be shortened. For both the counterpressure method and the height method, the actual results are relative values of surface tension with respect to the surface tension of water at the reference temperature. The combined relative standard uncertainty of the relative surface tensions is less than or equal to 0.18%. The new data between −26 and +30°C lie close to the IAPWS correlation for the surface tension of ordinary water extrapolated below 0.01°C and do not exhibit any anomalous features. ■ INTRODUCTIONThe surface tension of supercooled liquids, in particular, water and aqueous mixtures, is an important property both in academia and in industry. It plays an essential role in atmospheric research of the nucleation and growth of water droplets 1 and ice crystals. 2 It is known that water in clouds can persist in a supercooled liquid form at temperatures down to −38°C. 3 Manka et al. 4 recently showed that liquid water nanodroplets rather than ice crystals form by homogeneous nucleation at temperatures down to −73°C. Reliable data for the surface tension of supercooled aqueous systems are also important in technical applications such as operation of wind turbines, 5 aircraft icing, 6 or design of secondary refrigeration systems operating with brine. 7 Compared to other fluids, water shows several anomalies at low temperatures, e.g., the well-known maximum in the liquid density at +4°C at atmospheric pressure. The unusual behavior of liquid water becomes more distinct in the metastable supercooled region below 0°C. For instance, the isobaric heat capacity and the isothermal compressibility seemingly diverge (or approach a sharp maximum) when extrapolated to temperatures around −45°C, i.e., below the homogeneous nuc...

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Section: The Journal Of Physical Chemistry Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Tension of Supercooled Water Determined by Using a Counterpressure Capillary Rise Method

et al. 2015

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“…[74][75][76] Hyperquenching small water samples with cooling rates of the order of 10 5 K s −1 prevents ice formation and leads to a vitrification of water at 136 K. [77][78][79] Albeit this number is still a subject of controversial discussions, 6,80,81 we used this value as T g of pure water (i.e., T g, 1 = 136 K in Eq. (8), as water is always considered the solvent and component 1 in this study).…”

Section: A Binary Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for excess entropy discontinuities in glass-forming solutions

Lienhard

Zobrist

Zuend

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Glass transition temperatures T g are investigated in aqueous binary and multi-component solutions consisting of citric acid, calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ), malonic acid, raffinose, and ammonium bisulfate (NH 4 HSO 4 ) using a differential scanning calorimeter. Based on measured glass transition temperatures of binary aqueous mixtures and fitted binary coefficients, the T g of multi-component systems can be predicted using mixing rules. However, the experimentally observed T g in multicomponent solutions show considerable deviations from two theoretical approaches considered. The deviations from these predictions are explained in terms of the molar excess mixing entropy difference between the supercooled liquid and glassy state at T g . The multi-component mixtures involve contributions to these excess mixing entropies that the mixing rules do not take into account.

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“…Pure bulk water generally forms ordinary crystalline ice (hexagonal; I h ) if cooled below 273 K. Under certain conditions where nucleation events are rare, water can be supercooled below 273 K. However, crystallization is inevitable when the temperature of homogeneous nucleation (235 K at atmospheric pressure) is approached (Kanno et al, 1975). Crystallization can be bypassed by flash-cooling liquid water, which leads to the formation of amorphous ice (for a review, see Angell, 2004).…”

Section: Temperature-dependent Behaviour Of Protein Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent macromolecular X-ray crystallography

Weik

Colletier

2010

Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr

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X-ray crystallography provides structural details of biological macromolecules. Whereas routine data are collected close to 100 K in order to mitigate radiation damage, more exotic temperature-controlled experiments in a broader temperature range from 15 K to room temperature can provide both dynamical and structural insights. Here, the dynamical behaviour of crystalline macromolecules and their surrounding solvent as a function of cryo-temperature is reviewed. Experimental strategies of kinetic crystallography are discussed that have allowed the generation and trapping of macromolecular intermediate states by combining reaction initiation in the crystalline state with appropriate temperature profiles. A particular focus is on recruiting X-ray-induced changes for reaction initiation, thus unveiling useful aspects of radiation damage, which otherwise has to be minimized in macromolecular crystallography.

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Supercooling of Water to -92°C Under Pressure

Cited by 297 publications

References 17 publications

Surface Tension of Supercooled Water Determined by Using a Counterpressure Capillary Rise Method

Surface Tension of Supercooled Water Determined by Using a Counterpressure Capillary Rise Method

Experimental evidence for excess entropy discontinuities in glass-forming solutions

Temperature-dependent macromolecular X-ray crystallography

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