Supercontinuum source in the investigation of laser-tissue interactions: “ex vivo” study

Fornaini, Carlo; Sozzi, Michele; Merigo, Elisabetta; Pasotti, Piergiorgio; Selleri, Stefano; Cucinotta, Annamaria

doi:10.7150/jbm.17059

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…By considering their small size and cost, the reduced size of the pumping system, the flexibility offered by the optical fiber delivery system, diode laser technology has been able to reach most of the dentists and is becoming very popular. Even if the common use of diode lasers, emitting around 810 and 940 nm, is for soft tissue applications, due to the great absorption in hemoglobin, different wavelengths have recently been proposed [ 126 ]. In this context, a feasible possibility of a diode laser application for welding has emerged in the field of dentistry.…”

Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Laser Welding in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review

2018

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The dental industry without lasers is inconceivable right now. This captivating technology has outlasted other possible alternative technologies applied in dentistry in the past due to its precision, accuracy, minimal invasive effect as well as faster operating time. Other alternatives such as soldering, resistance (spot) welding, plasma (torch) welding, and single pulse tungsten inert gas welding have their pros and cons; nevertheless, laser welding remains the most suitable option so far for dental application. This paper attempts to give an insight into the laser principle and types of lasers used for dental purposes, types of dental alloys used by the dentist, and effect of laser parameters on prosthesis/implants. It is apparent from the literature review that laser assisted dental welding will continue to grow and will become an unparalleled technology for dental arena.

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Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Laser Welding in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review

2018

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“…Recently, supercontinuum sources have been used to quantify transmission spectra in the IR range through several ex vivo rat tissues. Thus, it has been described that the spectral attenuation in the spleen, kidney, heart, retina, and brain fell off quickly for longer wavelengths [17,18], suggesting that similar behavior can be found in any kind of biological tissues, even blood [6], which results in a lower attenuation for longer wavelengths. The optical properties of tissue have a strong dependence on wavelength, and it is necessary to choose the proper wavelength to achieve a large penetration depth.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 89%

Measurement method of optical properties of ex vivo biological tissues of rats in the near-infrared range

et al. 2020

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An optical fiber-based supercontinuum setup and a custom-made spectrophotometer that can measure spectra from 1100 to 2300 nm, are used to describe attenuation properties from different ex vivo rat tissues. Our method is able to differentiate between scattering and absorption coefficients in biological tissues. Theoretical assumptions combined with experimental measurements demonstrate that, in this infrared range, tissue attenuation and absorption can be accurately measured, and scattering can be described as the difference between both magnitudes. Attenuation, absorption, and scattering spectral coefficients of heart, brain, spleen, retina, and kidney are given by applying these theoretical and experimental methods. Light through these tissues is affected by high scattering, resulting in multiple absorption events, and longer wavelengths should be used to obtain lower attenuation values. It can be observed that the absorption coefficient has a similar behavior in the samples under study, with two main zones of absorption due to the water absorption bands at 1450 and 1950 nm, and with different absolute absorption values depending on the constituents of each tissue. The scattering coefficient can be determined, showing slight differences between retina and brain samples, and among heart, spleen and kidney tissues.

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“…Research on the biological effects of supercontinuum lasers has long been at the frontier of laser medicine, and research on the effects, characteristics, and significance of lasers on skin injuries is an important aspect in understanding the biological effects of lasers [13,38]. At present, given the increasingly extensive medical and biomedical applications of laser technology [39], accidental laser injury accidents occur occasionally during medical imaging [11,12] or laser treatment [13]. Furthermore, this method can be used for observing wound healing induced by laser treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1064‐nm laser treatment was also analyzed both subjectively and objectively [8], and the laser was used to modulate migratory dendritic cells to be adjuvants for the immune response to an intradermal influenza vaccine [9]. In recent years, supercontinuum lasers have been also widely used in medicine and photobiology [10–13], and the lasers also occasionally cause skin thermal injuries, which have also been evaluated with the gold standard, a histological examination [14,15]. However, this method needs ex vivo specimens to fix and section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Supercontinuum Laser‐Induced Cutaneous Thermal Injuries and Their Repair With OCT Images

Fan

Xin

et al. 2020

Lasers Surg Med

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Background and Objectives Laser‐induced thermal injuries are a heavily researched topic in laser medicine and biomedicine. To explore the quantitative biological effects of laser‐induced injury repair, we propose an optical imaging‐based in vivo evaluation method and discuss the injury effect and repair characteristics of skin tissue. Study Design/Materials and Methods A supercontinumm laser (spectrum width ranged from 400 to 2400 nm) was used to irradiate live mice. The radiation doses were set as 32.85, 65.69, 98.4, and 197.08 J/cm2. Laser‐induced cutaneous thermal injuries were observed and measured after laser radiation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image the injured spots. The optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) was computed using a Fourier‐domain algorithm. Three‐dimensional (3D) visualizations of the injured spots in the OCT images were constructed to qualitatively demonstrate the degree of the thermal injury at different times. The corresponding pathological changes of the skin injuries were observed dynamically. Results Under increasing radiation doses, the injured spots, which ranged in degree from mild to severe, appeared accordingly. The mean OAC value of normal skin was 1.15 ± 0.01 mm−1. The mean values of the OAC maps in the region of interests (ROIs) were 0.88 ± 0.05, 0.91 ± 0.02, 0.93 ± 0.04, and 0.98 ± 0.08 mm−1 at each of the four radiation levels, respectively. Additionally, the 3D OCT visualization showed a directed view of the injured spots and the healing process and was used as a qualitative evaluation method. The OCT images and pathological results showed that the damage tended to vary across all groups, but this trend tended to weaken as the radiation dose increased. Conclusion Optical imaging provides an in vivo noninvasive and real‐time evaluation method to comprehensively quantify supercontinuum laser‐induced thermal injuries and wound healing. The OACs and 3D visualizations of the OCT cubic data enable the areas of the direct injured spots to be measured and the inner structure to be viewed. The results obtained with these techniques indicate that the skin injuries are aggravated and tissue repair trends weaken as the radiation doses increase. This method would have a potential application for laser‐medicine and laser‐biological effects in the future. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC

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Supercontinuum source in the investigation of laser-tissue interactions: “ex vivo” study

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Applications of Laser Welding in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review

Applications of Laser Welding in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review

Measurement method of optical properties of ex vivo biological tissues of rats in the near-infrared range

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Supercontinuum Laser‐Induced Cutaneous Thermal Injuries and Their Repair With OCT Images

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