Supercontinuum laser based optical characterization of Intralipid® phantoms in the 500-2250 nm range

Aernouts, Ben; Zamora-Rojas, E.; Beers, Robbe Van; Watté, Rodrigo; Wang, Ling; Tsuta, Mizuki; Lammertyn, Jeroen; Saeys, Wouter

doi:10.1364/oe.21.032450

Cited by 111 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A series of slits between sample and detector further reduced the number of scattered photons captured in the unscattered transmittance signal. For a more extensive description of the measurement setup, the calibration and measurement procedure and a thorough validation, the reader is referred to Aernouts et al (2013). Moreover, this validation study showed the high repeatability and signal-noise ratio of the system to obtain the BOP of very turbid samples in the Vis/NIR (Aernouts et al, 2013).…”

Section: Measurement Of Bulk Optical Properties For Raw Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Both spheres were equipped with a Vis (400-1100 nm) and NIR (1100-2400 nm) detector. Unscattered transmittance (M U ) was measured in a separate path with the Vis and NIR detectors positioned 1.5 m behind the sample to limit the fraction of scattered photons collected by the detectors (Aernouts et al, 2013. To obtain sufficient unscattered transmittance signal, the sample was loaded in a thinner cuvette with a path length of 170 μm (Schott, Germany).…”

Section: Measurement Of Bulk Optical Properties For Raw Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a more extensive description of the measurement setup, the calibration and measurement procedure and a thorough validation, the reader is referred to Aernouts et al (2013). Moreover, this validation study showed the high repeatability and signal-noise ratio of the system to obtain the BOP of very turbid samples in the Vis/NIR (Aernouts et al, 2013). The samples were thoroughly stirred before they were measured at 22 ± 1°C (room temperature) to ensure the homogeneity and tempera-ture stability of the sample during the measurement.…”

Section: Measurement Of Bulk Optical Properties For Raw Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visible and near-infrared bulk optical properties of raw milk

Aernouts

Beers

Watté

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The implementation of optical sensor technology to monitor the milk quality on dairy farms and milk processing plants would support the early detection of altering production processes. Basic visible and near-infrared spectroscopy is already widely used to measure the composition of agricultural and food products. However, to obtain maximal performance, the design of such optical sensors should be optimized with regard to the optical properties of the samples to be measured. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the visible and near-infrared bulk absorption coefficient, bulk scattering coefficient, and scattering anisotropy spectra for a diverse set of raw milk samples originating from individual cow milkings, representing the milk variability present on dairy farms. Accordingly, this database of bulk optical properties can be used in future simulation studies to efficiently optimize and validate the design of an optical milk quality sensor. In a next step of the current study, the relation between the obtained bulk optical properties and milk quality properties was analyzed in detail. The bulk absorption coefficient spectra were found to mainly contain information on the water, fat, and casein content, whereas the bulk scattering coefficient spectra were found to be primarily influenced by the quantity and the size of the fat globules. Moreover, a strong positive correlation (r ≥ 0.975) was found between the fat content in raw milk and the measured bulk scattering coefficients in the 1,300 to 1,400 nm wavelength range. Relative to the bulk scattering coefficient, the variability on the scattering anisotropy factor was found to be limited. This is because the milk scattering anisotropy is nearly independent of the fat globule and casein micelle quantity, while it is mainly determined by the size of the fat globules. As this study shows high correlations between the sample's bulk optical properties and the milk composition and fat globule size, a sensor that allows for robust separation between the absorption and scattering properties would enable accurate prediction of the raw milk quality parameters.

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Section: Measurement Of Bulk Optical Properties For Raw Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Measurement Of Bulk Optical Properties For Raw Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Bulk Optical Properties For Raw Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visible and near-infrared bulk optical properties of raw milk

Aernouts

Beers

Watté

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The preparation of liquid phantoms with known optical properties is based on intralipid-20% as a diffusive medium and on India ink as an absorber by using a water dilution of these two components. These components have been thoroughly characterized in terms of a reduced scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient for intralipid, and an absorption coefficient for ink, both with CW measurements 22,26,[42][43][44][45][46] and TR measurements. 26,47 The amounts of components to be mixed are solely determined by accurate weighing, which ensures that the concentrations are known with high accuracy.…”

Section: Phantom Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phantoms for diffuse optical imaging based on totally absorbing objects, part 2: experimental implementation

et al. 2014

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We present the experimental implementation and validation of a phantom for diffuse optical imaging based on totally absorbing objects for which, in the previous paper [J. Biomed. Opt.18(6), 066014, (2013)], we have provided the basic theory. Totally absorbing objects have been manufactured as black polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinders and the phantom is a water dilution of intralipid-20% as the diffusive medium and India ink as the absorber, filled into a black scattering cell made of PVC. By means of time-domain measurements and of Monte Carlo simulations, we have shown the reliability, the accuracy, and the robustness of such a phantom in mimicking typical absorbing perturbations of diffuse optical imaging. In particular, we show that such a phantom can be used to generate any absorption perturbation by changing the volume and position of the totally absorbing inclusion.

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“…This outgoing monochrome beam is then split by a polka dot beam splitter (Type 4-9101, Optometrics, Massachusetts, USA) which sends 10 % of the power to a reference detector (PDA100A, Thorlabs Inc., New Jersey, USA) to monitor the stability of the illumination system. This part of the setup and all used components are described in detail by Aernouts et al (2013). The remaining 90 % of the monochrome light from the monochromator is focused into an optical fiber (multimode, NA 0.22, 200-μm core diameter) and guided towards the second part of the setup.…”

Section: Spatially Resolved Laser Reflectance Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Illumination-Detection Distance and Detector Size for Predicting Braeburn Apple Maturity from Vis/NIR Laser Reflectance Measurements

Beers

Aernouts

Gutiérrez

et al. 2015

Food Bioprocess Technol

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The storage potential of apples highly depends on the maturity at harvest. Optical methods have been proposed to measure maturity in a fast, reliable and non-destructive way. However, the signal is often composed of photons with different penetration depths into the material. An attempt to separate these photons might result in more precise correlations with quality attributes, as these could relate to a specific layer/depth into the sample. Therefore, a Vis/NIR spatially resolved laser reflectance setup was used, combining a supercontinuum laser and a monochromator to illuminate samples with a monochrome focused beam in the 550-1000 nm wavelength range. A panchromatic camera was used to obtain diffuse reflectance profiles at each wavelength. In the period starting 50 days before until 11 days after commercial harvest, 320 Braeburn apples were measured. Partial least squares regression models were developed to relate apple maturity/quality to the diffuse reflectance spectra at different distances from the illumination point. The effect of detector size (spatial bandwidth) was also evaluated. A bandwidth of 0.82 mm in combination with a parameter specific illumination-detection distance, gave the best results. Using an internal test set, an R 2 of prediction of 0.98 and 0.93, and a ratio of prediction to performance (RPD) of 5.84 and 3.42, predicting, respectively, the Streif index and starch conversion values was obtained. The predictions of soluble solids content (SSC) (R 2 of 0.81; RPD of 2.04) and firmness (R 2 of 0.65; RPD of 1.66) were less accurate. Also, worse predictions were obtained using an external test set.

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Supercontinuum laser based optical characterization of Intralipid® phantoms in the 500-2250 nm range

Cited by 111 publications

References 30 publications

Visible and near-infrared bulk optical properties of raw milk

Visible and near-infrared bulk optical properties of raw milk

Phantoms for diffuse optical imaging based on totally absorbing objects, part 2: experimental implementation

Optimal Illumination-Detection Distance and Detector Size for Predicting Braeburn Apple Maturity from Vis/NIR Laser Reflectance Measurements

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