We consider a ballistic detector formed in an interferometer manner which operational principle relies on Josephson vortex scattering at a measurement potential. We propose an approach to symmetrize the detector scheme and explore arising advantages in the signal-to-noise ratio and in the back-action on a measured object by means of recently presented numerical and analytical methods for modeling of a soliton scattering dynamics in the presence of thermal fluctuations. The obtained characteristics for experimentally relevant parameters reveal practical applicability of the considered schemes including possibility of coupling with standard digital rapid single flux quantum circuits. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4902327] Ballistic detectors are widely used for mesoscopic quantum measurements.1 In these detectors, a measured system controls a transport of particles by creating a scattering potential. The detector scheme can be organized in an interferometer manner. For example, in the ballistic read-out of superconducting flux qubit, the scheme contains two equal Josephson transmission lines (JTLs), one of which is coupled to the qubit, 2 see Fig. 1(a). Fluxons propagating simultaneously along the JTLs serve as particles in this scheme. The fluxon scattering at the current dipole induced by the qubit magnetic field (see Fig. 1(b)) provides measurable time delay between the moments of arrival of the fluxons to the end of the JTLs. This single-shot, non-projective measurements 3,4 can be made nearly non-demolition by matching the measurement frequency with the frequency of coherent qubit oscillations as described in Ref. 2. Such read-out attracts interest in context of quantum computing which underwent rapid development in the last decade.
5-9A number of works were devoted to theoretical and experimental study of the detector.10-15 It appears that the main drawbacks in its operation come from relativistic effects of the fluxon dynamics. In the experiment, 13,14 the authors used single annular JTL coupled to the qubit instead of a couple, measuring deviation of the fluxon rotation frequency. The measurement results show that this deviation does not depend on the measured magnetic field orientation (the current dipole polarity). The qualitative explanation is that the relativistic fluxon characteristic size becomes much smaller than the dipole length due to Lorenz contraction. Therefore, the total contribution of the successive scatterings at the dipole poles to the frequency shift is independent on the order of the poles. Since the fluxon being inside the coupling loop induces circulating current affecting the qubit, the contraction additionally enhance the back-action. While slow fluxon is obviously preferred to gain the time response, 11,12,15 the corresponding bias current, acting as the fluxon driving force, appears to be unreasonable for the experiment. 12,13 In this work, we study two ways to overcome the discussed drawbacks and show that symmetrization of the coupling leads to signi...