Superconducting Microresonators: Physics and Applications

Žmuidzinas, J.

doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-020911-125022

Cited by 580 publications

(621 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…The general KID theory was first established by Day et al (2003). For a complete review, we refer to Zmuidzinas (2012) and Doyle (2008). LEKID is a resonator that is fabricated from superconducting elements in which absorbed photons can change the Cooper-pair density, producing a change in both resonant frequency and the quality factor of the resonator.…”

Section: Lekid Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-layer kinetic inductance detectors for space observations between 80–120 GHz

Catalano

Goupy

Sueur

et al. 2015

A&A

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We have developed lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) that are sensitive in the frequency band from 80 to 120 GHz. In this work, we take advantage of the so-called proximity effect to reduce the superconducting gap of aluminium (Al), otherwise strongly suppressing the LEKID response for frequencies smaller than 100 GHz. We designed, produced, and optically tested various fully multiplexed arrays based on multi-layer combinations of Al and titanium (Ti). Their sensitivities were measured using a dedicated closed-circle 100 mK dilution cryostat and a sky simulator, which allowed us to reproduce realistic observation conditions. The spectral response was characterised with a Martin-Puplett interferometer up to THz frequencies and had a resolution of 3 GHz. We demonstrate that Ti-Al LEKID can reach an optical sensitivity of about 1.4 × 10 −17 W/Hz 0.5 (best pixel), or 2.2 × 10 −17 W/Hz 0.5 when averaged over the whole array. The optical background was set to roughly 0.4 pW per pixel, which is typical for future space observatories in this particular band. The performance is close to a sensitivity of twice the CMB photon noise limit at 100 GHz, which drove the design of the Planck HFI instrument. This figure remains the baseline for the next generation of millimetre-wave space satellites.

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Section: Lekid Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-layer kinetic inductance detectors for space observations between 80–120 GHz

Catalano

Goupy

Sueur

et al. 2015

A&A

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“…Although the remaining dissipation can be very small, it can still limit the lifetime of superconducting qubits 1,2 and the performance of microfabricated superconducting resonators 3,4 and kinetic-inductance radiation detectors 5,6 operating in the 0.01 K to 1 K temperature range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, dissipation can be caused by quasiparticles which can be created by thermal effects, stray light, radiation, or other mechanisms [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Quasiparticle generation from ionizing radiation or photons provides the physical basis for superconducting radiation detectors 5,6,10,14 , and is also relevant to some proposed hybrid quantum systems in which a superconducting device must function in close proximity to optically trapped atoms 16,17 . There has also been renewed interest in the role of quasiparticles as a loss and decoherence mechanism in superconducting qubits [18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in a thin-film superconducting microwave resonator under optical illumination

et al. 2016

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We have illuminated a thin-film superconducting Al lumped-element microwave resonator with 780 nm light and observed the resonator quality factor and resonance frequency as a function of illumination and microwave power in the 20 to 300 mK temperature range. The optically-induced microwave loss increases with increasing illumination but decreases with increasing microwave power. Although this behavior may suggest the presence of optically activated two-level systems, we find that the loss is better explained by the presence of nonequilibrium quasiparticles generated by the illumination and excited by the microwave drive. We model the system by assuming that the illumination creates an effective source of phonons with energy higher than double the superconducting gap and solve the coupled quasiparticle-phonon rate equations. We fit the simulation results to our measurements and find good agreement with the observed dependence of the resonator quality factor and frequency shift on temperature, microwave power, and optical illumination. Examination of the model reveals approaches to reducing optically-induced loss and improving the relaxation time of superconducting quantum devices.

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“…Superconducting stripline (also called triplate) resonators, [35][36][37][38][39] as well as the similar microstrip resonators, [40][41][42][43] have been used since the 1980s to study thin films of superconductors. A related technique are superconducting coplanar resonators, which have also been used to study the microwave properties of superconducting thin films, 44,45 and which recently became very popular for photon detection (as microwave kinetic inductance detectors) 46,47 and in the field of quantum information science (e.g. as building blocks for circuit QED architecture).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-resistance measurements using superconducting stripline resonators

Hafner

Dressel

Scheffler

2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present a method to measure the absolute surface resistance of conductive samples at a set of GHz frequencies with superconducting lead stripline resonators at temperatures 1 -6 K. The stripline structure can easily be applied for bulk samples and allows direct calculation of the surface resistance without the requirement of additional calibration measurements or sample reference points. We further describe a correction method to reduce experimental background on high-Q resonance modes by exploiting TEM-properties of the external cabling. We then show applications of this method to the reference materials gold, tantalum, and tin, which include the anomalous skin effect and conventional superconductivity. Furthermore, we extract the complex optical conductivity for an all-lead stripline resonator to find a coherence peak and the superconducting gap of lead.

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Superconducting Microresonators: Physics and Applications

Cited by 580 publications

References 138 publications

Bi-layer kinetic inductance detectors for space observations between 80–120 GHz

Bi-layer kinetic inductance detectors for space observations between 80–120 GHz

Effects of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in a thin-film superconducting microwave resonator under optical illumination

Surface-resistance measurements using superconducting stripline resonators

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