Superconducting Gravimetry

Hinderer, J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00062-2

Cited by 65 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 262 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…The most precise relative instrument is the superconducting gravimeter (SG) (Figure ), as introduced by Prothero and Goodkind (). The first two commercially available instruments were installed in 1981 in Brussels, Belgium, and Bad Homburg, Germany (Hinderer et al, ). The fundamental component of the superconducting gravimeter, also called cryogenic gravimeter, consists in a hollow superconducting sphere, used as a proof mass, that levitates in a persistent magnetic field generated by currents in a pair of superconducting coils (Goodkind, ; Hinderer et al, ).…”

Section: Measuring Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

Camp

Viron

Watlet

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

177

105

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In a context of global change and increasing anthropic pressure on the environment, monitoring the Earth system and its evolution has become one of the key missions of geosciences. Geodesy is the geoscience that measures the geometric shape of the Earth, its orientation in space, and gravity field. Time‐variable gravity, because of its high accuracy, can be used to build an enhanced picture and understanding of the changing Earth. Ground‐based gravimetry can determine the change in gravity related to the Earth rotation fluctuation, to celestial body and Earth attractions, to the mass in the direct vicinity of the instruments, and to vertical displacement of the instrument itself on the ground. In this paper, we review the geophysical questions that can be addressed by ground gravimeters used to monitor time‐variable gravity. This is done in relation to the instrumental characteristics, noise sources, and good practices. We also discuss the next challenges to be met by ground gravimetry, the place that terrestrial gravimetry should hold in the Earth observation system, and perspectives and recommendations about the future of ground gravity instrumentation.

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Section: Measuring Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

Camp

Viron

Watlet

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

177

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[5]). This parallel FG5 measurement was realized on 5 days from October 8 to 12, 2015 with the FG5#206 (serial number 206) absolute gravimeter owned by the Strasbourg gravimetric observatory.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First analyses of the iOSG-type superconducting gravimeter at the low noise underground laboratory (LSBB URL) of Rustrel, France

et al. 2016

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Abstract.In the last few years, the performance of the cryogenic gravity instruments has been further improved by the development of a new generation of superconducting gravimeter (SG): the so-called iOSG which is a superconducting gravimeter designed for observatory purpose with a heavier sphere than previous SGs. The first iOSG (iOSG-024) has been installed in July 2015 at the LSSB low background noise underground research laboratory in Rustrel (France), funded by the EQUIPEX MIGA (Matter wave-laser based Interferometer Gravitation Antenna) project and by the European FEDER 2006-2013 "PFM LSBB -Développement des qualités environnementales du LSBB". This instrument is operational since September 2015. We present the first tidal analyses of the 7-month time-varying gravity records of this newly installed instrument as well as the calibration results performed by parallel FG5 absolute gravity measurements. We also show the performances of iOSG-024 in terms of noise levels in the seismic (in the millihertz frequency range) band using a standardized procedure based on the computation of the residual power spectral densities over a quiet time period. The obtained noise levels are compared with other SG sites and with seismological reference noise models. The combination of the instrumental performance of the iOSG with the LSBB site properties makes this gravimetric station one of the quietest in the world, comparable to the lower sensor of the OSG-56 at BFO, at seismic frequencies.

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“…Due to their high precision and long-term stability the superconducting gravimeters (SG) can be employed to fulfill the third goal, so to study geophysical phenomena over a wide frequency range from seismic modes to the long-period Chandler wobble (e.g. Hinderer and Crossley 2000;Hinderer et al 2007). Vertical displacements and time-varying gravity changes represent various deformation mechanisms of the Earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the noise characteristics of time series recorded with nearby located GPS receivers and superconducting gravity meters

et al. 2018

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The inter-comparison of ground gravity measurements and vertical surface displacements enables to better understand the structure, dynamics and evolution of the Earth's system. Within this research we analyzed the Global Positioning System vertical position time series acquired in the vicinity of the superconducting gravimeters. We estimated of noise character of GPS and SG by comparison of the satellite and terrestrial measurements collected at 18 globally distributed neighboring sites. The comparable results were provided by applying the appropriate and corresponding models of geophysical phenomena to obtain residual time series, and by unifying the sampling rate since the noise characteristics may depend on it. The deterministic part of the series was assumed to follow the Polynomial Trend Model and was subtracted prior to noise analysis. Then, a combination of power-law and white noise was presumed and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation implemented in the Hector software to investigate the stochastic part was applied. Within the paper, we show that the spectral indices for all SG time series fall in the area of fractional Brownian motion (-2 \ j \ -1), while GPS data are best characterized by fractional Gaussian noises (-1 \ j \ 0). The estimated ratio between spectral indices of GPS and SG is stable worldwide with a global median value of about 0.5. Concerning the power-law amplitudes, these are very consistent worldwide for the GPS position time series and fluctuate around 15 mm/year -j/4 , while in the case of SG records they spread between 60 and 300 nm/ s 2 /year -j/4 . The fraction of power-law noise employed in the assumed combination is equal to 100% for almost all SG stations, while in case of GPS it varies between 26.1 and 99.9%. The main finding of this research is that the assumption of power-law noise is much more preferred for SG data than the assumption of a pure white noise being used until now.

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Superconducting Gravimetry

Cited by 65 publications

References 262 publications

Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

First analyses of the iOSG-type superconducting gravimeter at the low noise underground laboratory (LSBB URL) of Rustrel, France

On the noise characteristics of time series recorded with nearby located GPS receivers and superconducting gravity meters

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